ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What does ATP do?
it is an immediate source of energy for biological processes
What must metabolic reactions in cells have?
a constant, steady supply of ATP
What is the structure of ATP?
it is a derivative of a nucleotide (which is a monomer of DNA)
What does ATP contain?
3 inorganic phosphate groups, ribose (pentose sugar) , and adenine (nitrogenous base)
How are the phosphate groups represented?
Pi
How and when is ATP made?
during respiration from ADP, and the addition of an inorganic phosphate
What type of reaction is involved in the production of ATP?
a condensation reaction
What enzyme is the catalyst in the production of ATP?
ATP synthase
When can ATP production occur?
during photosynthesis or during respiration
How is ATP broken down?
inorganic phosphate groups can be broken off to release energy and form ADP
What does ADP stand for?
adenosine diphosphate
What type of reaction is involved in the breakdown of ATP?
a hydrolysis reaction
What can the phosphate groups then be used to do?
to phosphorylate other compounds, often making them more reactive
What enzyme is the catalyst in the breakdown of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
Why is ATP a good energy source?
-energy is released quickly from ATP in a 1-step hydrolysis reaction
-energy is released in small, manageable amounts that is closely matched to what is needed so none is wasted
-ATP is small and water soluble so can be moved around the cell easily
-ATP can’t pass out of the cell so the cell always has an immediate supply of energy
What are the uses of ATP?
-muscle contraction
-proteinsynthesis
-active transport
-cell division
-bioluminescence
State a word equation to show how ATP is hydrolysed and synthesised
ATP–> ADP + Pi / ADP + Pi–> ATP
