Organelles Flashcards
CELL MEMBRANE
Description - Phospholipid bilayer - Contains proteins Function - Controls movement of materials in and out of cell
CYTOPLASM
Description - Jelly-like fluid - Also called cytosol Function - Holds organelles, molecules, and ions
NUCLEUS
Description
- Membrane bounds organelles
Function
Contains DNA (determines how cell function)
NUCLEAR PORE
Description
- Group of proteins
Function
- Forms openings in nuclear envelope
NUCLEOPLASM
Description
- Thick fluid
Function
- Holds contents of nucleus
NUCLEOLUS
Description - Non-membrane bound structure Function - Contains, RNA, protein and chromatin - Makes ribosomes
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
Description - Double membrane - 2 phospholipid bilayers Function - Separates nucleus from rest of cell
RIBOSOMES
Description
- Composed of RNA and proteins
Function
- Help build proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Description - Complex system of sacs and channels Function Rough: Makes proteins Smooth: Makes lipids
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
Description
- Group of organelles that work together in eukaryotic cells
Function
- Modify, package, and transport cell products (ex. Proteins)
GOLGI APPARATUS
Description
- Stack of cured membrane sacs
Function
Packages, processes, sorts and distributes proteins and lipids
VESICLE
Description
- Tiny sacs
Function
Transports material within or outside cell
LYSOSOMES
Description
- Membrane-bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes
Function
Breaks down worn out cell components and materials brought into cell
PEROXISOMES
Description - Membrane bound vesicle - Contains enzymes Function - Breaks down lipids, toxic waste products (alcohol)
VACUOLE
Description
- Large membrane bound sacs
Function
- Stores H2O, ions, macromolecules, sugars, amino acids
CHLOROPLAST
Description - Double-membrane - Contains chlorophyll Function - Transfers sunlight energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis)
MITOCHONDRIA
Description - Membrane bound organelle Function - Power house of the cell - Organic molecules oxidized to produce ATP
CELL WALL
Description - Rigid structure - Surrounding cell membrane Function - Protects/supports and allows materials in/out of cell
CYTOSKELETON
Description
- Network of protein fibres
Function
- Provides structure shape, support, and motility
MICROTUBULES
Description
- Proteins that form hollow tubes
Function
- Maintain cell shape, movement, organelles, assist cell chains
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
Description
- Proteins coiled together
Function
- Maintain cell shape, anchor, organelles/scaffolding
MICROFILAMENTS
Description
- 2 strands of actin mound together
Function
Maintain cell shape, muscle contractions
CILIA
Description
- Small, hair-like extensions on cell
Function
- Propels cells, movement, sneap deions
FLAGELLA
Description
- Ions, whip-like extensions on cell
Function
- Propels cell movement, sneap deions
