Hormones

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

• Major control center for the body
  
  • Receives and processes information about various vital activities (ex. Body temperature)
    Specialized cells manufacture and release specific chemical messengers to pituitary gland

Question 2

Pituitary gland

Answer 2

• 2 parts: anterior and posterior
• “Master Gland”
• COntrols and influences other endocrine glands

Question 3

Growth Hormone

Answer 3

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets the bone and soft tissues
• Stimulates growth

Question 4

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 4

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets the thyroid
• Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones and the growth of the thyroid gland

Question 5

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 5

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets the adrenal cortex
• Stimulates the secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex

Question 6

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 6

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets the ovaries and testes
• Stimulates the production of eggs and sperm along with female sex hormones

Question 7

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 7

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets Ovaries and testes
• Regulates ovulation in females and the secretion of sex hormone in men

Question 8

Prolactin

Answer 8

• Anterior Pituitary
• Targets Mammary glands
  Stimulates breast development and milk production

Question 9

Thyroid Gland

Answer 9

• Influences metabolic rate
• Decreases blood calcium levels
• Located at the base of the neck, in front of the trachea
• Stimulated by TSH
• Releases 2 hormones: Thyroxine and Calcitonin

Question 10

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 10

• Thyroid gland
• Targets most cells
• Increases metabolic rate; (rate of glucose oxidation)

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

• Thyroid gland
• Targets Bones
• Lowers the calcium concentration in the blood

Question 12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

• Posterior Pituitary
• Targets kidneys
• Increases blood volume and pressure by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

• Posterior Pituitary
• Targets uterus, and mammary glands
• Promotes uterine contraction; stimulates milk release from the breasts

Question 14

Parathyroid glands

Answer 14

• Increases blood calcium levels

- Small glands (usually 4 embedded in thyroid)

Question 15

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 15

• Parathyroid gland
• Targets bones
• Raises the calcium concentration in the blood

Question 16

Adrenal Glands

Answer 16

• Helps to prepare the body for control of stress
• 2 glands: 1 located on top of each kidney
• Consist of an outer cortex and an inner medulla

Question 17

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 17

• Adrenal Glands
• Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenalin)
• Targets receptor sites throughout the body
• Contributes to the body’s responses to stress

Question 18

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 18

• Adrenal glands
• Produces Cortisol
• Targets most body cells
• Increases the blood glucose level by promoting the breakdown of proteins and fats
• Anti-inflammatory

Question 19

Adrenal cortex

Answer 19

• Adrenal glands
• Produces aldosterone
• Targets kidneys
  Causes reabsorption of Na+ (and water) to increase blood volume/pressure

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

• Large gland located between the small intestine and the spleen
• It is connected to the small intestine by the pancreatic duct
• Acts as BOTH an exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine gland (hormones to regulate blood sugar)
• Contains clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans, which produce insulin and glucagon

Question 21

Insulin (beta cells)

Answer 21

• Pancreas
• Targets all cells
• Decreases blood sugar levels
• Makes cells more permeable to glucose

Question 22

Glucagon (alpha cells)

Answer 22

• Pancreas
• Targets all cells
• Increases blood sugar levels
• Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver