OrgAna Flashcards
ABDOMEN:
sup, inf, ant, pos (2), lat (2)
osteo (2), covers (4), support & protection
pelvis - iliopectineal line (for + ant/pos), arcuate line (divides + below)
quadrants - plane (2), level, epigastric & periumbilical, RUG (8) LUG (5+4) RLG (4+3) LLG (4+2)
- sup: xiphoid (T9), inf: pelvic inlet, ant: thorax, pos: lumbar & IV, lat: ribs & pelvis
- osteo: clavicle, pelvis
- covers: stomach, kidney, liver, spleen
- minimal support & protection
pelvis
- iliopectineal line: divides true & false pelvis; pectineal line of pubis at front, arcuate line of ileum at back
- arcuate line: divides ileum; below iliac fossa
QUADRANTS
- vertical median & transumbilical horizontal plane, L3-L4
- RUG: head of pancreas, gallbladder, kidney, liver, ascending colon, transverse colon, adrenal medulla, pylorus
- LUG: tail of pancreas, kidney, adrenal medulla, descending colon, transverse colon, most of stomach, jejunum & ileum
- RLG: ovary, ureter, uterine tube, spermatic cord, cecum, appendix
- LLG: ovary, ureter, uterine tube, spermatic cord, sigmoid colon
ABDOMEN:
regions
- line
- pyloric: level, organ (4)
- cristal: level, structure, for
- tubercular: level, structure
- subcostal: level (2)
- pylorus divides what
layers (7), ant wall assists in
regions
- midclavicular line
- transpyloric: L1 9th costal; pylorus of stomach, duodojejunal, hila of kidney, neck of prancreas
- intercristal: L4, peak of iliac crest; for lumbar tap
- intertubercular: L5, iliac tubercles
- subcostal: L3 10th costal
pylorus divides stomach x duodenum
ant wall assists in forceful expiration
layers
- skin, sup fascia, deep fascia, muscles, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum
ABDOMEN: Ant Wall
supplies
- cutaneous, T7-T12 (1) L1 (2), middle artery (1) side (3), vein above umbilicus (1>1) below umbilicus (1>1>1)
- superior epigastric artery: branch of, supply
- inf epigastric artery: branch of, pierce + enter, supply
- deep circumflex iliac: branch of, supply
- paraumbilical vein: drains to
- lumbar vein: drains to
- lymph above & below umbilicus (1.1)
- cutaneous: T6-L1
- T7-T12: intercostal & subcostal nerves
- L1: ilioinguinal & iliohypogastric neres
- middle artery = sup & inf epigastric a.
- side arteries: intercostal, lumbar, deep circumflex iliac a.
- vein above umbilicus: lat thoracic to axillary v.
- vein below umbilicus: epigastric to saphenous to femoral v.
- lymph above umbilicus: axillary
- lymph belows umbilicus: inguinal
family tree
- superior epigastric artery: branch of internal thoracic, supplies upper central
- inf epigastric artery: branch of external iliac, supplies lower central
- deep circumflex iliac artery: branch of external iliac, supplies sides
- paraumbilical vein: drains to portal
- lumbar veins: drains to inf vena cava
ABDOMEN: Muscles
external oblique
- what (2), fiber
- superficial inguinal ring: shape, passage (3)
- inguinal lig: has (1)
- lacunar lig: shape, cont with, form
internal oblique - fiber
transversus abdominis - what, free/attach
psoas - from, thickening, minor, fiber
quad lumborum - fiber, cover, thickening (2)
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
- largest & most superficial, fibers run infmed
- superficial inguinal ring: triangle; passage of round ligament, spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve
- inguinal ligament: has fascia lata
- lacunar ligament: crescent, continuous with pectineal ligament, forms femoral ring
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
- fibers run supmed; attached to lumbar
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
- deepest; attached to lumbar
PSOAS
- from lumbar fascia, fiber run inflat
- thickening = medial arcuate lig
- psoas minor: can be absent
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
- fiber run supmed
- covered by lumbar fascia
- thickening = lateral arcuate lig & iliolumbar lig
ABDOMEN: Ant Wall
rectus abdominis - linea alba (from to), semilunaris, rectus sheath has (3)
pyramidalis - what, shape
rectus sheath
- ant vs. pos wall (attach)
- above costal: ant vs. pos
- between costal & arcuate: IO, EO, trans
- between ASIS/arcuate & pubis: ant vs. pos wall
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
- linea alba: at middle; from xiphoid to symphysis pubis
- linea semilunaris: at sides
PYRAMIDALIS
- triangle, often shape
RECTUS SHEATH
- has EO, IO, transversus abdominis
- ant wall: attached to RA
- above costal: anterior wall (EO), posterior wall (costal 5-7)
- between costal & arcuate: IO (splits to enclose RA), EO (front), transversus (behind)
- between ASIS & pubis: ant wall (EO IO transversus), pos wall (absent)
ABDOMEN: Ant Wall
fascia transversalis
- artery/nerve/lypmh
- femoral sheath: cont of (2), has (2.1), below what
- pierced by (?) = (?) which is above & between what
skin - except (+ where), lines of cleavage (component + for)
superficial fascia
- fatty: name, thin/thick, cont with, form (1)
- membranous: name, thin/thick, cont (3), form (2)
inguinal canal
- from to, above what, allows pass from to (2G) + nerve
- ant vs. pos wall (strong/weak)
- inf: content (3)
FASCIA TRANSVERSALIS
- artery & lymph inside, nerve outside
- femoral sheath: cont of transversalis & iliac fascia; below inguinal ligament
- pierced by spermatic cord = deep inguinal ring (above inguinal ligament; between ASIS & symphysis pubis)
SKIN
- except umbilicus (linea alba)
- lines of cleavage: collagen; good for surgery cut
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
- fatty/camper’s: thick, cont with the rest of body, forms dartos
- membranous/scarpa’s: thin, cont with back + thorax + thigh, forms colle’s fascia (scrotum & labia) + tubular sheath (penis & clit)
INGUINAL CANAL
- from deep inguinal to superficial inguinal ring; above inguinal ligament
- allows passage from testis to abdomen + ilioinguinal nerve
- ant wall: has EO (strong) & superficial inguinal ring (weak)
- pos wall: has transversalis fascia (strong) & deep inguinal ring (weak)
- inferior: EO, inguinal lig, lacunar lig
ABDOMEN: Spermatic Cord
start > pass > end
vas deferens - transport what from to
processus vaginalis, cover (3)
testicular artery - branch of, level, supply (2)
testicular vein - plexus, drains to (2)
nerve (2)
cremasteric reflex - how, nerve
spermatic cord
- starts at deep inguinal ring, passes inguinal ligameny, ends at testis
- cover: external (EO), cremasteric (IO), internal (fascia)
vas deferens
- transport spermatozoa from epi to testis
testicular artery
- branch of abdominal aorta (L2)
- supplies testis & epi
testicular vein
- pampiniform plexus
- left drains to renal, right drains to inf vena cava
genitofemoral & sympathetic
ABDOMEN: Spermatic Cord - Scrotum
what/shape, cover/describe, swelling (M vs. F)
dartos - replaces what
tunica vaginalis - what/where
has (2), node (2)
testes - where, left vs. right, spermatogenesis, tunica + septa + semineferous + rete testis + efferent tubules
epidydimis - where to testis + sinus, function (3)
labia majora - component (1)
SCROTUM
- outpouching, wrinkled pigmented
- swelling: fused in male, unfused/labia in females
- has testis & epi
- node: inguinal, lumbar
- dartos: smooth muscle; replace fats
- tunica vaginalis: lower expanded part of procerus vaginalis
TESTIS
- in scrotum, left lower
- spermatogenesis: temp lower than abdomen
- tunica albuginea (capsule) divided by fibrous septa which has semineferous tubules which has rete testis which is conncted to epididymis via efferent tubules
EPIDIDYMIS
- pos to testis, sinus of epididymis (groove between)
- function: stores spermatozoa, nutrients for seminal fluid, stores fluids
LABIA MAJORA
- adipose
ABDOMEN: Hernia
why, sac + content, which most common
indirect inguinal - etiology, sac (1) + neck, epidemiology (age sex), where (2)
direct inguinal - where to pubic tubercle, epidemiology (age sex), sac neck, where (2)
femoral hernia - layer, where (2), epidemiology (sex), septum, where to pubic tubercle, irreducible vs. strangulated
spigelian - structure, where, muscle, sac neck, complications (2)
- outer layers are weak
INDIRECT INGUINAL
- most common; congenital; young M
- sac has processus vaginalis; neck: narrow
- at inguinal canal & sup inguinal ring
DIRECT INGUINAL
- above & medial to pubic tubercle
- old men
- sac neck: large
- at inguinal canal & sup inguinal ring
FEMORAL
- parietal peritoneum; below & lat to pubic tubercle; at femoral canal & femoral sheath
- epi: F
- femoral septum: condensation of extraperitoneal tissue
- irreducible: already reached body of sac
- strangulated: piece goes into femoral ring = compress vessels
SPIGELIAN
- linea semilunaris above umbilicus; TA
- sac neck: narrow
- complications: adhesion, strangulation
ABDOMEN: Hernia
umbilical
- congenital: name, why
- acquired infant: why
- acquired adult: epidemiology (sex), sac neck + body (3)
lumbar - where, sac neck
epigastric - where, layer, who
incisional - structure
internal - structure + where
UMBILICAL
- congenital/omphalocele: midgut not go back inside
- acquired infant: tugged umbilical cord
- acquired adult: F; sac neck narrow but body has small & large intestine & omentum
LUMBAR
- at petit’s triangle
- sac neck: large
EPIGASTRIC
- at linea alba; extraperitoneal fat
- middle aged manual workers
INCISIONAL
- segmental nerves
INTERNAL
- small intestine into recess
ORGANS: Large Intestine
shape, vs. small + where, largest part, produce (2), store, reabsorb, contraction, where fixed (2), fatty
supplies - cecum (A), appendix (A), ascending (2), transverse (2), descending (2)
cecum
- region, percussion, for, ileocecal valve, mobility
appendix
- base where, shape
- inverted U, around small intestine, more fixed
- produce vitamin B & K, stores wastes, reabsorbs water & electrolytes
- haustrations/haustra contractions
- fixed at ascending & descending colon
- has fatty
supplies
- cecum: ant & pos cecal (sup mesenteric>ileocolic)
- appendix: appendicular (sup mesenteric>ileocolic>pos cecal)
- ascending: ileocolic, right colic
- transverse: left & middle colic
- descending: left colic & sigmoid (inf mesenteric)
CECUM
- largest; right iliac region
- has gas = percussed
- for waste products to be disintegrateed
- ileocecal valve: prevents reflux
- mobile even without mesentery
APPENDIX
- base at mcburray’s point (1/3 from ASIS to umbilicus)
- worm-shaped
ORGANS: Small Intestine
great, for (3), what/where
duodenum
- region, shape, from/where (2), mobility
- ligament of treitz: part, purpose
- artery + branch of (2G), node (1), nerve (3)
- receive (2) + form (1) + wirsung + santorini
jejunum & ileum
- shape, which longer, quadrant, thickness, peyer’s patches (med), plica circularis, villi
- ileum end where
- artery (1)
- great for absorption, digestion, mixture
- longest part of alimentary canal
DUODENUM
- epigastric & umbilical region
- C-shape, from stomach to jejunum; immobile
- ligament of treitz: suspends; in 4th part
- artery: superior pancreaticoduodenal (celiac>hepatic>gastroduodenal), inf pancreaticoduodenal (sup mesenteric)
- node: pancreaticoduodenal
- nerve: vagus, celiac, sup mesenteric plexus
- receives bile & pancreatic duct which forms ampulla of vater
- duct of wirsung (pancreas), duct of santorini (accessory pancreas)
JEJUNUM ILEUM
- tubular, ileum end at ileocecal junction
- artery: ileocolic (sup mesenteric)
- peyer’s patches: enlarged in infection; in ileum
- plica circularis: inc surface area; large & closer in jejunum
- villi: inc absorption
ORGANS: Large Intestine
ascending colon
- from to, bend where + organ
transverse colon
- region, shape, from to + end where, extends to
descending colon
- from to + bend + become, vs. ascending
sigmoid - from + become what where, shape
rectum - cavity, pierce what = become (2)
urinary bladder - palpate
aorta - bifurcate into (2) + level + plane
ASCENDING COLON
- from cecum to colic flexure (hepatic) at liver
TRANSVERSE COLON
- umbilical region, U-shape
- from left colic (hepatic) to right colic (splenic) flexure
- ends to pelvis
DESCENDING COLON
- from right colic flexure at costal margin to sigmoid
- smaller diameter
- sigmoid colon: from pelvic inlet, becomes rectum at sacrum
- rectum: pelvic cavity; pierce pelvis floor = anal canal at perinuem
- urinary bladder: palpated above symphysis pubis
- aorta: bifurcate into common iliac at L4 (intercristal plane)
ORGANS: Peritonuem
(2), function, stores, has what (+ component), folds (purpose)
nerve - parietal (3G), viscera, sensitive to
peritoneal cavity - what, between, contains, M vs. F
primary retroperitoneal - (8)
secondary - (3)
intraperitoneal - (4)
- has parietal (abdominal & pelvic cavity) & visceral peritoneum (organs)
- function: protect, transport, stores fat, has peritoneal fluid (leukocytes), has folds (suspends organs)
- parietal peritoneum: T6-L1, phrenic, obturator; sensitive to pain pressure temp
- visceral peritoneum: autonomic nerves; sensitive to mechanoreceptors
peritoneal cavity
- space between parietal & visceral
- has peritoneal fluid
- fused in males
- primary retroperitoneal: adrenal, bladder, kidney, ureter, aorta, inf vena cava, esophagus, rectum
- secondary retroperitoneal: head neck body of pancreas, duodenum (except prox), ascending & descending colon
- intraperitoneal: jejunum, stomach, spleen, ileum
ORGANS: Peritonuem
omentum
- purpose
- greater: component, connects, name
- lesser: connects, name
- gastrosplenic: connects
mesentery (3)
sac
- greater: from to
- lesser: behind (2), from to, left margin (2), right margin (+via)
paracolic gutter - where (2), what/has/significance
omentum
- connects stomach
- greater omentum/gastrocolic: connect greater curvature to liver; has most fat
- lesser omentum/gastrohepatic: connect lesser curvature to liver
- gastrosplenic: to spleen
mesentery: sigmoid mesocolon, transverse mesocolon, mesentery of small intestine
sac
- greater sac: diaphragm to pelvis
- lesser sac: behind stomach & lesser omentum; from diaphragm to greater omentum; left margin has spleen & gastrospenic, right margin has epiploic foramen into greater sac
paracolic gutter
- maintains infection
- lateral (beside ascending colon), medial (beside descending colon)
