Neck & Osteology Flashcards
NECK: Cervical
body shape size, vertebral foramen shape & for, TP has what + for passage of (1), SP size shape, superior facet faces
atlas - no (2), odontoid what, has (1)
axis - odontoid faces
C7 - SP shape size
cervical plexus - level, lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cutaneous, supraclavicular
- body: small oval
- VF: triangle; passage of nerves
- TP: has transverse foramen; for vertebral artery
- SP: small bifid
- sup facet (suppos)
atlas
- no SP & body
- odontoid: becomes body of axis; faces sup
- has occipital condyles
C7
- nonbifid long SP
cervical plexus
- C1-C4
- LO (scalp behind ear), GA (mandible ear parotid gland), TC (neck)
NECK: Cervical
atlantooccipital - between, type, action (3), ligament (2)
atlantoaxial - between, type, action, apical alar cruciate (from to), membranous tectonia (where & what)
joint below axis vs. intervertebral
joint below axis (plane), intervertebral (fibrous)
AOJ
- between occipital condyle & sup facet
- condyloid joint (FLEX EXT LF) (YES)
- lig: ant & pos atlantooccipital
AAJ
- between odontoid & ant atlas
- pivot joint (ROT)
- apical ligament: odontoid to foramen magnum
- alar ligament: odontoid to occipital condyle
- cruciate: odontoid to ant atlas
- membranous tectonia: above all; for protection
NECK: Cervical
hyoid - level, shape, form (1), attach (2)
larynx - purpose (2), below (2), cont (1), level
thyroid cartilage - size, adam’s has what, sup/inf
cricoid - made of, level, shape, sup, junction (2)
arytenod - size, shape, where (2)
HYOID
- C3, U-shaped
- forms base of tongue
- stylohyoid to skull, thyrohyoid to thyroid
LARYNX
- for protective sphincter & voice
- below hyoid & base of tongue; cont with trachea; C4-C5
thyroid cartilage
- largest, sup (superior cornu) inf (inf cornu)
- adam’s apple: has 2 lamina that joins
cricoid cartilage
- made of hyaline, C6, ring, sup (inf cornu), junction of trachea & larynx + pharynx & esophagus
arytenod cartilage
- smallest, pyramid, behind larynx & cricoid
NECK: Cervical
fascia - superficial muscle (1), gland in deep, retrolaryngeal space (2)
carotid sheath - from to, blends (3), content (2)
root of neck - where, interscalene pyramid (3) & what passes through (2 –> 1)
FASCIA
- superficial: platysma
- deep: parotid gland
- retrolaryngeal space: pharynx x prevertebral fascia
CAROTID SHEATH
- from base of skull to roof of neck
- blends deep fascia (prevertebral, pretracheal, investing)
- has internal jugular v. & common carotid a.
ROOT OF NECK
- above thorax inlet
interscalene pyramid
- ant & mid scalene, 1st rib/CC
- subclavian artery & root to brachial plexus
NECK: Viscera
thyroid - level + structure, pyramidal lobe (what where), levator glandulae (what), antlat poslat (1) pos (2) med (4), purpose (2=1) (1), artery (2) vein (2)
parathyroid gland - shape, where to thyroid, hormone (1=1) + (1), lymph (2), nerve (2)
THYROID
- isthmus at 2nd-4th tracheal ring (base reaches T5)
- pyramidal lobe: sheath found in isthmus
- levator glandulae: connects pyramidal to thyroid
- antlat (muscles), poslat (carotid sheath), pos (parathyroid gland & thyroid arteries), med (trachea larynx pharynx esophagus)
- purpose: thyroxine & triiodothyronime (inc metabolism), dec Ca level in blood
- artery/vein: sup & inf thyroid
PARATHYROID GLAND
- ovoid, external to thyroid
- parathyroid hormone: stimulate osteoclastic = inc Ca in blood; dec resorption of phosphate in kidney
- lymph: paratracheal & deep cervical
- nerve: sup & middle cervical sympathetic ganglia
NECK: Viscera
trachea - made of (2), cont of/with + level, shape, muscle type, controlled by, trachealis (connects & where free), ant (2) pos (2) lat (1), artery (2) nerve (2) lymph (2)
esophagus - shape, size, cont of/with + level, ant (2) pos (2) lat (1), artery (1) vein (1) nerve (2) lymph (1)
TRACHEA
- made of hyaline & membrane
- cont of larynx (cricoid/C6), end at carina (bronchus bifurcation/4-5th tracheal ring)
- U-shaped, smooth muscle, controlled by ANS
- trachealis muscle: connects free ends; free pos
- ant (thyroid & muscles), pos (esophagus & recurrent laryngeal n.), lat (carotid sheath)
- artery: inf thyroid & bronchial
- nerve: recurrent laryngeal & vagus
- lymph: pre & paratracheal
ESOPHAGUS
- tubular, 10in, cont with pharynx (C6), pass diaphragm & end at stomach (T10)
- ant (trachea & recurrent laryngeal n.), pos (prevertebral fascia & vertebral column), lat (carotid sheath)
- artery/vein: inf thyroid
- nerve: parasymp & sympathetic
- lymph: deep cervical
OSTEO:
clavicle - most what, med vs. lat, ant vs. pos
scapula - levels (3), ant vs. pos, glenoid cavity shape & faces
sternum - 1st-10th rib attachment, louis between + type + level (4)
CLAVICLE
- most fractured
- lat concave, ant smoother d/t lig at pos
SCAPULA
- sup angle (T2) spine (T3) inf angle (T7)
- ant concave
- glenoid cavity: pear, faces suplat
STERNUM
- 1-7th rib at body, 8-10th combine then to 7th
sternal angle of louis
- between body & manubrium
- intervertebral disc T4-T5, trachea bifurcation, sup & inf mediastinum, arch of aorta
OSTEO:
humerus - where radial nerve pass through
med vs. lat epi - name, prominent, radial notch + capitulum + trochlea + coronoid fossa (where movement occurs)
radius - wider where, head concave/vex, PRUJ DRUJ MRUJ type, lister’s tubercle tendon (1)
HUMERUS
- spiral/radial groove: radial n.
med epi/funny bone
- more prominent
- coronoid fossa: with coronoid of ulna
- trochlea: with ulna trochlear notch
lat epi
- capitulum: with radial head
- radial notch: with radial head, above capitulum, where movement
RADIUS
- wider distally, head concave
- PRUJ DRUJ (pivot), MRUJ (fibrous)
- lister’s tubercle: EPL
OSTEO:
carpal - 1st ossify, fx, dislocate
breast - # of lobe, lactiferous duct/sinus, suspensory ligament, tail of spence
CARPAL
- 1st ossify: capitate
- fx: scaphoid
- dislocate: lunate
BREAST
- 15-20 lobes separated by suspensory lig
- lactiferous duct connect mammary gland to nipple; sinus (dilated part; suction)
- tail of spence: entire breast to axilla
NECK: Triangles
anterior - boundaries (4G), content
posterior - boundaries (2G), content
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
- digastric/submandibular: mandible, ant & pos belly of digastric
- submental: ant line, hyoid, ant digastric
- carotid: SCM, sup & inf omohyoid
- muscular: SCM, sup omohyoid, ant line
- contents: cervical plexus, deep cervical nodes, submandibular, CN10&12, int jugular vein
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
- occipital: SCM, traps, inf omohyoid
- subclavian/omoclavicular: SCM, clavicle, inf omohyoid
- contents: brachial plexus, cervical nodes, subclavian, CN11, ext jugular vein
