Organ Systems

Question 0

Closed circulatory system

Answer 0

A circulatory system that carries blood in vessels.

Question 1

The Circulatory System

Answer 1

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, hormones, waste products, lipids, etc .
Consists of pump (the heart), tube network (blood vessels) and a fluid (blood).

Question 2

Blood contains (4 things):

Answer 2

White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
Platelets

Question 3

Plasma

Answer 3

Mostly water, but also dissolved glucose, hormones, ions, and gases. Glucose makes it sticky. Has proteins including albumin, fibrinogen, and lipoproteins. Makes up about 50% of blood.

Question 4

Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

Make up 45% of blood. Biconcave discs. Covered in hemoglobin, so much no room for organelles or nucleus.
Carries oxygen in the hG.

Question 5

Hemoglobin

Answer 5

Binds oxygen

Made partly of iron -> iron deficiency = anaemia

Question 6

Anaemia

Answer 6

Iron deficiency that causes cells to not receive necessary oxygen so they can’t produce ATP. Most common symptom is fatigue.

Question 7

White Blood Cells

Answer 7

Fight off disease.
Phagocytes -
Lymphocytes -

Question 8

Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Participate in immunity

B-cells and T-cells

Question 9

B-cells

Answer 9

Make antibodies

Question 10

Antibodies

Answer 10

Made by B-cells. “Markers” that bind to foreign cells marking them for destruction. Specific for different harmful things.

Question 11

T-cells

Answer 11

helper T-cells - help B and other T-cells divide and proliferate
killer T-cells - kill any cells infected by viruses

Question 12

AIDS/HIV

Answer 12

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Virus that infects and lives in helper T-cells, killing them.
Without helper T-cells, B-cells and killer T-cells can’t fight infection.
Becomes AIDS

Question 13

Platelets

Answer 13

Important to blood clotting.
Converts fibrinogen into fibrin that acts as a net to catch blood cells and create clots.
Process requires calcium, vitamin K, many other chemicals.

Question 14

Bone Marrow

Answer 14

Where all blood cells are made

Question 15

Blood typing

Answer 15

Determined by by proteins that sit on the surface of RBCs.

ABO typing determined by I gene, alleles are IA IB and i. IA codes for A type, IB for B type, i for absence of proteins.

Question 16

A Blood Type

Answer 16

Genotype either IAIA or IAi

Can only receive A type, can give to A or AB

Question 17

B Blood Type

Answer 17

Genotype IBIB or IBi.

Can only receive B type, can give to B or Ab

Question 18

O Blood Type

Answer 18

Genotype ii

Universal donor, can receive only O type.

Question 19

AB Blood Type

Answer 19

Genotype IAIB

Universal receiver, can only give AB type.

Question 20

Agglutination

Answer 20

What happens when the wrong blood type is given/received. Clumping of red blood cells, can be fatal.

Question 21

Lymphatic System

Answer 21

Network of vessels begins at tissues and ends just before heart.
Recaptures extra fluid from tissues, filters it through Lymph Nodes to remove potentially harmful things, returns it to blood.

Question 22

Lymph Nodes

Answer 22

Concentrated areas of WBCs, “filters” fluids returning to blood before it is put into circulation.

Question 23

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 23

Low pressured, non-muscles walls, valves to keep fluid moving in correct direction. Nearby skeletal muscle squeezes vessels as they contract to move lymph.

Question 24

Lymph

Answer 24

The fluid in lymphatic vessels.