Cellular Respiration

Question 0

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 0

Molecule made up of adenosine and two phosphates. Becomes ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

Molecules made up of an adenosine and three phosphates. When the third phosphate is removed, energy is released. Cellular respiration produces 36 of them.

Question 2

Electron carriers

Answer 2

Molecules that carry electrons along the electron transport chain. Release H+ out of the mitochondrial matrix into the space between inner and outer membranes.

Question 3

Reduced

Answer 3

When electrons added added to a molecule. In cellular respiration this refers to when NAD+ and FAD become NADH and FADH2 respectively.

Question 4

Oxidized

Answer 4

When NADH and FADH2 become NAD+ and FAD. Happens at the beginning of the electron transport train.

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

First step in cellular respiration occurring in cytoplasm. The process of breaking down of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid, four ATP and two NADH. Requires two ATP, for a net total of two ATP.

Question 6

Pyruvate

Answer 6

A molecule of pyruvic acid. Created in glycolysis.

Question 7

Anaerobic

Answer 7

A process such as glycolysis that does NOT require oxygen.

Question 8

Aerobic

Answer 8

A process, such as the Krebs Cycle, that DOES require (relies on) oxygen.

Question 9

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC)

Answer 9

Happens in mitochondrial matrix.
One carbon on a pyruvate is removed to create CO2, the remaining molecule is Acetyl Co-A. Produces one molecule of NADH per pyruvate and releases CO2.

Question 10

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Answer 10

Produced in the PDC. Combines with oxaloacetic acid to create citric acid and run the Krebs cycle.

Question 11

Oxaloacetic Acid

Answer 11

Combines with Acetyl Co-A to create citric acid, which is required for the Krebs Cycle.

Question 12

Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Answer 12

Happens in mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl co-A combines with oxaloacetic acid to create citric acid.
Carbons are removed and oxaloacetic acid is reformed.
Three NADH, one FADH2 and one ATP produces PER Acetyl Co-A molecule. Carbon dioxide is released.

Question 13

Electron transport

Answer 13

Happens on inner membrane of mitochondria.
Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are handed down a series of carrier molecules, which move H+ ions out of the matrix, and finally to oxygen to create water.

Question 14

Final Electron Acceptor

Answer 14

Oxygen in the electron transport chain.

Question 15

ATP Sythesase

Answer 15

Protein that allows H+ ions back into mitochondrial mattiox.

Question 16

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 16

H+ gradient is used to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

Process that occurs when lacking oxygen. Produces toxic byproducts, ethanol in yeast and lactic acid in humans, and two net ATP. Used by organisms that need less ATP.

Question 18

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 18

Process that occurs in organisms such as yeast that need less ATP. Produces two net ATP and ethanol.

Question 19

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 19

Occurs when muscle cells don’t have opxygen.