Organ Systems Flashcards
Nerves in the brain receive information where? And send it through what?
Receive through the dendrites
Sent through the axon (wrapped in myelin sheath)
- transfers over the synapse to the next nerve -
What is the nervous system comprised of?
- Brain
- cerebral cortex
- cerebellum
- brainstem - Spinal Cord
- Other nerves
What is the cerebral cortex, and what is it made up of?
The brain as we imagine it (outer layer)
Has 4 important lobes
- spatial awareness
- conscious though and reasoning
- language ability
- ability to process vision
Corticals inside the cerebellum
Hippocampus
Imigidalah
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
All affect what??
Caseation - feeling full
Memory
Fear
What is the cerebellum in charge of?
Base of the brain
- In charge of timing of motor movements -
Perkingey fibers - timing mechanism
What is the brainstem in charge of?
Base life support functions
- respiration
- heart rate
- digestion
What is the digestive system responsible for?
What are the important parts?
Responsible for breaking down (teeth) & absorbing food
- Salivary glands - food coated - digesting
- Esophagus
- to the - Stomach - mucous-lining
- Pancreas - produces digestive acid to break down food
- Small Intestine - nutrients absorbed
- Large Intestine - passes
To the - Rectum - allows food to excrete
What is heartburn and how does it occur?
Pancreatic-digestive juices flow back up into the esophagus and work away at the esophagus
What is the circulatory system responsible for?
What do arteries and veins do?
Responsible for pumping blood to all the tissues of the body
Arteries pump blood away from the heart to the tissues
Veins bring blood back to the heart
Explain the blood flow from the heart to the body
- The left ventricle is the most powerful and pumps blood to the body
- Through the Aorta
to the Arteries
& eventually to the
- Capillaries - small blood vessels which allow the tissues to absorb the oxygen & nutrients
Explain blood flow back to the heart from the capillaries
- Waste is taken through the veins cleaned out by kidneys and returns to the Right Atrium
- Crosses into the Right Ventricle from a one-sided valve (not allowing blood to return to the Right Atrium)
- Pumped out to the Lungs to be re-oxygenated
- Aveoli in the lungs - blood is oxygenated here
- Sent back to the Left Atrium
- Crosses back into the Left Ventricle through a valve
What is the role of white blood cells?
Red?
Where are they produced?
White blood cells - protect and fight disease
Red blood cells - transport hemoglobin, oxygen
Both produced in the bone marrow
How do most animals reproduce and how does it happen? Where are things produced?
Reproduce sexually
Sperm (haploid cell) created in the testes
&
Eggs (haploid cell) created in the eggs
Combine
& make
A diploid cell
(fertilized cell)
(having a pair of chromosomes)
What is the key advantage in reproduction?
Genetic variation
The child can have different genes that are important for various environments
What is a disadvantage in sexual reproduction?
Explain the advantage & disadvantage for organisms that reproduce a-sexually
Sexual reproduction disadvantage
- The organism needs a partner and fertilization only occurs when egg has been fertilized
A-sexual advantage
- Aphids (a-sexual) can chose when to produce offspring on their own
- have enough food or shelter
A-sexual disadvantage
- can create genetic variation b/c the organism is only using its own DNA
