Organ and Energy Systems Flashcards
Lung/Breathing System
Respiratory / Pulmonary Ventilation
Heart/Blood System
Cardiovascular System / Circulatory system
Process of Pulmonary Ventilation (Top to Bottom / Big to Small)
Nasal/Oral cavity , Trachea , Bronchi , Bronchioles , Alveoli , Capillary
Breathing In
Inspiration
Breathing Out
Expiration
Inspiration Process
Diaphragm contracts to flatten downwards
+ External Intercostals contract forward and lateral
(Lift sternum and create chest space)
Lung volume increase so air moves in to balance concentration
Normal Expiration Process
Elastic recoil of Lung tissue, muscles relax
Diaphragm domes upwards
External intercostals in so sternum down
Intrathoracic volume decrease so air pushed out
Exercise Expiration Process
More muscles involved, more active process
Adbominals contract (inwards)
Internal intercostals contract (ribs inwards)
Stronger, faster pressure reduction so air pushed out
Cardiac Volume Formula
Stroke volume (blood from 1 contraction) x HR (beats per min)
Right side circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Left side circulation
Systemic circulation
Process of the cardiovascular system in the heart
Body - vena cava - r. atrium - r. ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs (Right side)
Lungs - pulmonary vein - l. atrium - l. ventricle - aorta - body (Left side)
Process of circulation in the body
Heart - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava - heart
Diastolic Phase
Blood into ventricles
60-80mm Hg
Systolic Phase
Blood to body/lungs
120mm Hg
Blood Pressure change during aerobic exercise
Systolic increase up to over 200mm Hg
Diastolic minimal increase
Blood pressure change during resistance exercise
Systolic and diastolic increase especially in concentric and eccentric movements
Blood pressure change after exercise
Decrease takes up to 22 hours and may go into hypotension (low blood pressure)
EPOC
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption
Oxygen debt - o2 uptake reduces slower than the rate that the exercise stops
3 Energy Systems
- Phosphate / Anaerobic / Phosphocreatine
- Glycolytic / Anaerobic / Lactic Acid
- Aerobic / Oxidative
System name: High energy for short bursts
Phosphate System
Using ATP stores (5-6s) and Creatine (20-25s)
System name: Average to high intensity until threshold
Lactic Acid System
Glycolysis producing ATP and lactic acid (2-3m)
System name: Low intensity for prolonged time
Aerobic System
Krebs cycle and Electric Transport Chain
Using carbs and lipids
Phosphate System Reactions
- 2 ADP —> ATP (ADP+Pi —> ATP by ATPase)
2. PCr (hydrolysed by creatine kinase) + ADP —> ATP + Creatine
Phosphate System Process
- ATP —> contraction —> ADP+P = energy (5-6s)
2. CPi + ADP —> Creatine + ATP (20-25s)
Lactic Acid System Process
Glucose —> 2 ATP + lactic acid (2-3m)
1. Glucose—>G6P (using 2ATP)
2. 2G3P —> 2 Pyruvate (creating 4ATP)
Net result is 2 Pyruvate and 2ATP
Byproduct of Lactic Acid System
Pyruvic Acid converts to Lactic Acid (toxic in large amounts)
Lactic acid leaves cells to liver to be converted back to glucose
Aerobic System Process
- Krebs Cycle = carbs/lipids + acetylCOA —> 1ATP + 4 electrons
- ETC = electrons pass down cytochromes to give energy to ADP by ATPase to ATP
O2 = final electron acceptor - H2O or CO2
Net yield 36-38 ATP
