Organ and Energy Systems

Question 1

Lung/Breathing System

Answer 1

Respiratory / Pulmonary Ventilation

Question 2

Heart/Blood System

Answer 2

Cardiovascular System / Circulatory system

Question 3

Process of Pulmonary Ventilation (Top to Bottom / Big to Small)

Answer 3

Nasal/Oral cavity , Trachea , Bronchi , Bronchioles , Alveoli , Capillary

Question 4

Breathing In

Answer 4

Inspiration

Question 5

Breathing Out

Answer 5

Expiration

Question 6

Inspiration Process

Answer 6

Diaphragm contracts to flatten downwards
+ External Intercostals contract forward and lateral
(Lift sternum and create chest space)
Lung volume increase so air moves in to balance concentration

Question 7

Normal Expiration Process

Answer 7

Elastic recoil of Lung tissue, muscles relax
Diaphragm domes upwards
External intercostals in so sternum down
Intrathoracic volume decrease so air pushed out

Question 8

Exercise Expiration Process

Answer 8

More muscles involved, more active process
Adbominals contract (inwards)
Internal intercostals contract (ribs inwards)
Stronger, faster pressure reduction so air pushed out

Question 9

Cardiac Volume Formula

Answer 9

Stroke volume (blood from 1 contraction) x HR (beats per min)

Question 10

Right side circulation

Answer 10

Pulmonary circulation

Question 11

Left side circulation

Answer 11

Systemic circulation

Question 12

Process of the cardiovascular system in the heart

Answer 12

Body - vena cava - r. atrium - r. ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs (Right side)
Lungs - pulmonary vein - l. atrium - l. ventricle - aorta - body (Left side)

Question 13

Process of circulation in the body

Answer 13

Heart - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava - heart

Question 14

Diastolic Phase

Answer 14

Blood into ventricles

60-80mm Hg

Question 15

Systolic Phase

Answer 15

Blood to body/lungs

120mm Hg

Question 16

Blood Pressure change during aerobic exercise

Answer 16

Systolic increase up to over 200mm Hg

Diastolic minimal increase

Question 17

Blood pressure change during resistance exercise

Answer 17

Systolic and diastolic increase especially in concentric and eccentric movements

Question 18

Blood pressure change after exercise

Answer 18

Decrease takes up to 22 hours and may go into hypotension (low blood pressure)

Question 19

EPOC

Answer 19

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption

Oxygen debt - o2 uptake reduces slower than the rate that the exercise stops

Question 20

3 Energy Systems

Answer 20

1. Phosphate / Anaerobic / Phosphocreatine
2. Glycolytic / Anaerobic / Lactic Acid
3. Aerobic / Oxidative

Question 21

System name: High energy for short bursts

Answer 21

Phosphate System

Using ATP stores (5-6s) and Creatine (20-25s)

Question 22

System name: Average to high intensity until threshold

Answer 22

Lactic Acid System

Glycolysis producing ATP and lactic acid (2-3m)

Question 23

System name: Low intensity for prolonged time

Answer 23

Aerobic System
Krebs cycle and Electric Transport Chain
Using carbs and lipids

Question 24

Phosphate System Reactions

Answer 24

1. 2 ADP —> ATP (ADP+Pi —> ATP by ATPase)

2. PCr (hydrolysed by creatine kinase) + ADP —> ATP + Creatine

Question 25

Phosphate System Process

Answer 25

1. ATP —> contraction —> ADP+P = energy (5-6s)

2. CPi + ADP —> Creatine + ATP (20-25s)

Question 26

Lactic Acid System Process

Answer 26

Glucose —> 2 ATP + lactic acid (2-3m)
1. Glucose—>G6P (using 2ATP)
2. 2G3P —> 2 Pyruvate (creating 4ATP)
Net result is 2 Pyruvate and 2ATP

Question 27

Byproduct of Lactic Acid System

Answer 27

Pyruvic Acid converts to Lactic Acid (toxic in large amounts)
Lactic acid leaves cells to liver to be converted back to glucose

Question 28

Aerobic System Process

Answer 28

1. Krebs Cycle = carbs/lipids + acetylCOA —> 1ATP + 4 electrons
2. ETC = electrons pass down cytochromes to give energy to ADP by ATPase to ATP
   O2 = final electron acceptor - H2O or CO2
   Net yield 36-38 ATP