organ

Question 1

are formed by groups of tissues that perform definite functions. These are specifically studied in the field of biological science called organology.

Answer 1

organs

Question 2

These are the circulatory tubes that are for the passageway of blood.

Answer 2

blood vessels

Question 3

The wall of these blood vessels is composed basically of the following layers:

Answer 3

1. Tunica adventitia which is also called Tunica externa
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica intima or Tunica interna 4. Endothelium

Question 4

which is also called Tunica externa, is the outermost layer and made up of loose connective tissue.

Answer 4

Tunica adventitia

Question 5

is the thickest middle layer, with smooth muscles.

Answer 5

Tunica media

Question 6

is the innermost layer that contains elastic fibers and smooth muscles.

Answer 6

Tunica intima or Tunica interna

Question 7

is the layer lining the lumen, which is the central cavity of the vessel. This is composed of a single layer of squamous cells.

Answer 7

Endothelium

Question 8

This is mainly for protection. In amphibians, it is important in the process of respiration and water absorption.

Answer 8

skin

Question 9

2 main layers of skin

Answer 9

dermis and epidermis

Question 10

Epidermis, which is the outer layer, and it is composed of the following sub-layers:

Answer 10

1.Stratum corneum is the outermost or most superficial layer of the organ. This is made up of squamous cells that undergo molting or ecdysis, which is the shedding off of the skin.
2.Stratum germinativum or also known as the Stratum Malpighi, contains mitotic columnar cells that are actively dividing, producing new cells. It is also where the chromatophores for pigmentation are found.

Question 11

The dermis is the inner layer, which is also composed of two(2) sub layers, these are:

Answer 11

1. Stratum laxum or Stratum spongiosum is a layer of connective tissue. It is where the cutaneous glands are located, which are the mucus gland that produces slimy materials to keep the skin moist, and the poison gland that secretes an alkaloid, itchy material for the protection of the animal.
   2.Stratum compactum is the innermost layer of the frog’s skin that has compact connective tissue fibers.

Question 12

The two(2) main Organs of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract:

Answer 12

A. Stomach. This is a J-shaped organ where partial digestion of food takes place. It has internal folds that aid in the process of digestion, these are known as rugae.

B. Small Intestine. Is a long tube for the final digestion of food and absorption of water. Its internal folds are called villi.

Question 13

This is a J-shaped organ where partial digestion of food takes place. It has internal folds that aid in the process of digestion, these are known as rugae.

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

Is a long tube for the final digestion of food and absorption of water. Its internal folds are called villi.

Answer 14

small intestine

Question 15

This is the largest gland of the body. It secretes bile which is an enzyme for the emulsification of fats. It is composed of polygonal cells that are separated by spaces, called sinusoids or blood capillaries.

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

The cavities in the liver are the:

Answer 16

1. Blood vessels. Biggest among the spaces, with different sizes.
2. Bile ducts. Small cavities lined with cuboidal cells.
3. Arterioles. Thick-walled, small cavities.
4. Bile capillaries. Smallest cavities with fewer cuboidal cells.

Question 17

the organ is composed of irregular pinkish structures as pigment granules.

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

This is the main excretory organ which functions as the disposal agent for nitrogenous waste. It is a bean-shaped organ which is filled with cavities or spaces

Answer 18

kidney

Question 19

bean-shaped organ which is filled with cavities or spaces, that are identified as:

Answer 19

1. Mesonephric duct or Wolffian duct. This is located at the sides of the kidney, with a lumen lined with epithelial cells.
2. Renal Portal Vein. It is a space filled with red blood cells
3. Uriniferous Tubules. These are cavities lined with cuboidal cells.
4. Bowman’s Capsule. These contain a ball of capillaries, called glomerulus.

Question 20

These are the gonads that function in the production of gametes or sex cells and sex hormones.

Answer 20

reproductive organs

Question 21

This is the female gonad which is for the production of egg cells and female sex hormones, the estrogen and progesterone. It is suspended to the dorsal body wall by its mesentery, the mesovarium, and covered by the outer layer, Theca externa and inner layer, Theca interna.

Answer 21

ovary

Question 22

The male gonad is made up of numerous, seminiferous tubules which are composed of blood vessels, nerves, and interstitial cells, called the cells of Leydig, for the production and development of the male gametes, the sperm cells and male hormones, the testosterone. This is covered by the outer visceral peritoneum, and inner Tunica albuginea, and it is supported by its mesentery, the mesorchium.

Answer 22

testes

Question 23

This is enclosed in the vertebral column which is composed of nerves that carry messages from the brain to the different parts of the body and vice versa.

Answer 23

spinal cord

Question 24

spinal cord is composed of the folloeing parts

Answer 24

Canalis centralis. This is the central canal which is lined with simple columnar epithelium, called ependymal cells.
Two(2) Layers:
Dura mater: Outer layer
Pia mater: Inner layer
Two(2) Central Areas:
White matter: Outer
Gray matter: Inner part which contains nerve cells and neuroglia cells. The dorsal part is with the slender extensions, called the dorsal horns, wheres the ventral part is with the broad extensions, called the ventral horns with stellate motor cells.
Two(2) Septa:
Ventral Septum: Is the ventral fissure which is the broader surface with blood vessels, called as the ventral spinal artery.
Dorsal Septum: Is a narrower dorsal fissure.