m2 a1 the animal cell Flashcards
IS THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF LIVING ORGANISMS.
MAKES UP EVERY LIVING THINGS! THEY CARRY OUT ACTIVITIES THAT KEEP YOU ALIVE.
ARE SIGNIFICANT IN TERMS OF REPRODUCTION, GROWTH, HEREDITY, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS.
Cell
2 general classes of cell
prokaryotic cell
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
unicellular
eukaryotic cell
multicellular cell
cell theory
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.
Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane w/c is commonly found in plants;
Controls turgidity ; provide protection & support for plants; It has primary wall, middle lamella, secondary wall, pits & plasmodesmata .
cell wall
Unlike cell membranes materials cannot get through cell walls.
A special openings called plasmodesmata are used to communicate & transport materials between plant cells because the cell membranes are able touch and therefore exchange needed materials.
plasmodesmata
Outer membrane of cell that controls cellular traffic;
Fluid mosaic model.
It is made up of two lipid layers called a “bilipid” membrane.
cell membrane
the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.
All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
cytoplasm
Composed of microtubules
Supports cell and provides shape;
Aids movement of materials in and out.
cytoskeleton
a barrel-shaped organelle which lives normally within the centrosome. And within the centrosome there are two centrioles. Centrioles are physical objects made up of things called microtubules. And those centrioles are very important for cell division.
They are involved in the formation of cilia and flagella.
Cilia and Flagella are tiny hair-like projections from the cell made of microtubules and covered by the plasma membrane.
centrioles
a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
They help maintain homeostasis in the following way:
Maintaining acidity & Turgidity
vacuoles
A membrane structure found near nucleus w/c composed of numerous flattened layers of sacks
A cellular organelle responsible for the modification and trafficking of proteins to other organelles such as the lysosome, the digestive organelle of the cell.
Golgi apparatus
Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane;
Stores, separates, and serves as cell’s transport system;
It has two types, smooth ER w/c lacks ribosomes and rough ER w/c has ribosomes embedded in surface.
endoplasmic reticulum
It serve as the protein production machinery for the cell and are consequently most abundant in cells that are active in protein synthesis, such as pancreas and brain cells.
ribosomes
