orgainc chemistry

Question 1

functional group

Answer 1

an atom or group of atoms responsible and determine molecules properties and reactions

Question 2

hyrdrocarbon

Answer 2

organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

homologous series

Answer 3

series of compounds with similar properties and same general formula

Question 4

structural isotope

Answer 4

compound with same molecular formula but different structure

Question 5

prefix

meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct,non,dec- how many carbons

Answer 5

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Question 6

suffix

ane, ene, yne, anol,oic acid, al, oate, one- homologous series

Answer 6

alkane alkene alkyne alkanol acid aldehyde esters ketones

Question 7

alkane

Answer 7

CnH2n+2
saturated- because contains no double bond- x not decolourise bromine water
tetrahedral shape

Question 8

alkene

Answer 8

CnH2n
unsaturated because of double bond- decolourises bromine water from orange- clear
triagonal plannar shape

Question 9

alkynes

Answer 9

CnH2n-2
unsaturated containg tripple carbon bond- reacts with bromine water declourises it
linear shape

Question 10

alcohols

Answer 10

contains 1 OH group

primary, secondary, teriatry depending on how man carbons are present around the bonded 1

Question 11

carboxcylic acod

Answer 11

oic acid

2 x oxygens- 1 single bond OH 2- double bond O

Question 12

aldehydes

Answer 12

double bond to o on the end of a chain

CHO on the end

Question 13

keotones

Answer 13

double bond to O BUT IN THE CHAIN NOT ON THE END

Question 14

amines

Answer 14

prefix- amino 
NH2 
primary bonded to 1
secondary bonded to 2 
teriarty bonded to 3

Question 15

amides

Answer 15

CONH2
DOUBLE BOND TO O
AMIDES- SUFFIX

Question 16

ester

Answer 16

is formed in reaction b/w carboxylic acid and alcohol

OCO

oate- acid
yl- alchohol

Question 17

halokanes

Answer 17

fluro 
bromo
iodo
chlror 
bonded to carbon

Question 18

fuel

Answer 18

substance that burns in air and oxygen to releases useable energy

Question 19

complete combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 19

o2 is in excesses hydrocarbon completely combust

hyrdrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

Question 20

incomplete combustion of hyrdrocarbon

Answer 20

no enough oxygen
‘hyrdorcarbon + oxygen= carbon monoxide + water
carbon + water

Question 21

substitution reaction

alkane + halogen=

Answer 21

= haloalkane + hydrogen halide

reaction require uv light

Question 22

haloalkane + potassium or sodium hydroxide

Answer 22

alcohol

Question 23

addition reaction of alkene

Answer 23

double bond is broken and single bonds are formed

Question 24

alkenes + hydrogen halide

Answer 24

haloalkane

Question 25

alkenes + hydrogen = | conditions required

Answer 25

alkane | nickel catalyst + 150 degrees

Question 26

alkene + water( steam so gas) conditions

Answer 26

alcohol | phosphoric acid H3PO4 300 Degrees 60- 70 atm preausre

Question 27

fermentation of glucose

Answer 27

glucose dissolved in warm water yeast is added to the glucose and cotton wool is used to plug flask left in warm- until carbon dioxide bubles dont form anymore c6h1206-------2co2+2c2h5oh

Question 28

ethanol uses

Answer 28

alcoholic drinks/ ink/ glue/ fuels/ make esters

Question 29

alcohol oxidisation reactions- oxidizing reagent

Answer 29

dichromic acid- Cr2O7 -2 with H+ Premagnament- MnO4 -1 with H + excess acidfilled they become reduced alcohol becomes oxidised- gains O

Question 30

partial oxidisation complete oxidisation of alcholols

Answer 30

1. forms aldehyde | 2. forms carboxylic acid

Question 31

oxidastion of secondary alcohols

Answer 31

forms ketones

Question 32

formation of esters

Answer 32

formed between alkanol and acid produces water and ester conditions are concentrated H2SO4

Question 33

polymers

Answer 33

molecular chain made up of many repeated monemer units high melting point because of the large surface area dispersion forces can act upon

Question 34

thermoplastic

Answer 34

``` type of polymer Chains loosely tangled together No cross links Low melting point Can be remoulded ```

Question 35

thermosetting

Answer 35

type of polymer cross links between chains higher melting points cannot be remoulded rigid and flexible

Question 36

elastomers

Answer 36

type of polymer can be stretched or deformed regain there shape only a few cross over links

Question 37

LDPE

Answer 37

``` low density poly ethene formed under high preasure and heat made of branched chains that dont fit very well low melting point soft and flexible make carrier bags ```

Question 38

HDPE

Answer 38

``` high density poly ethene formed using catalyst and low temp chains are not branched fit together more cystalline forms harder substances ```