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Chemistry Units 1/2 > orgainc chemistry > Flashcards

orgainc chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

functional group

A

an atom or group of atoms responsible and determine molecules properties and reactions

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2
Q

hyrdrocarbon

A

organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

homologous series

A

series of compounds with similar properties and same general formula

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4
Q

structural isotope

A

compound with same molecular formula but different structure

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5
Q

prefix

meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct,non,dec- how many carbons

A

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

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6
Q

suffix

ane, ene, yne, anol,oic acid, al, oate, one- homologous series

A

alkane alkene alkyne alkanol acid aldehyde esters ketones

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7
Q

alkane

A

CnH2n+2
saturated- because contains no double bond- x not decolourise bromine water
tetrahedral shape

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8
Q

alkene

A

CnH2n
unsaturated because of double bond- decolourises bromine water from orange- clear
triagonal plannar shape

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9
Q

alkynes

A

CnH2n-2
unsaturated containg tripple carbon bond- reacts with bromine water declourises it
linear shape

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10
Q

alcohols

A

contains 1 OH group

primary, secondary, teriatry depending on how man carbons are present around the bonded 1

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11
Q

carboxcylic acod

A

oic acid

2 x oxygens- 1 single bond OH 2- double bond O

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12
Q

aldehydes

A

double bond to o on the end of a chain

CHO on the end

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13
Q

keotones

A

double bond to O BUT IN THE CHAIN NOT ON THE END

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14
Q

amines

A 
prefix- amino 
NH2 
primary bonded to 1
secondary bonded to 2 
teriarty bonded to 3
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15
Q

amides

A

CONH2
DOUBLE BOND TO O
AMIDES- SUFFIX

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16
Q

ester

A

is formed in reaction b/w carboxylic acid and alcohol

OCO

oate- acid
yl- alchohol

17
Q

halokanes

A 
fluro 
bromo
iodo
chlror 
bonded to carbon
18
Q

fuel

A

substance that burns in air and oxygen to releases useable energy

19
Q

complete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

o2 is in excesses hydrocarbon completely combust

hyrdrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

incomplete combustion of hyrdrocarbon

A

no enough oxygen
‘hyrdorcarbon + oxygen= carbon monoxide + water
carbon + water

21
Q

substitution reaction

alkane + halogen=

A

= haloalkane + hydrogen halide

reaction require uv light

22
Q

haloalkane + potassium or sodium hydroxide

A

alcohol

23
Q

addition reaction of alkene

A

double bond is broken and single bonds are formed

24
Q

alkenes + hydrogen halide

A

haloalkane

25
Q

alkenes + hydrogen =

conditions required

A

alkane

nickel catalyst + 150 degrees

26
Q

alkene + water( steam so gas)

conditions

A

alcohol

phosphoric acid H3PO4 300 Degrees 60- 70 atm preausre

27
Q

fermentation of glucose

A

glucose dissolved in warm water
yeast is added to the glucose and cotton wool is used to plug
flask left in warm- until carbon dioxide bubles dont form anymore
c6h1206——-2co2+2c2h5oh

28
Q

ethanol uses

A

alcoholic drinks/ ink/ glue/ fuels/ make esters

29
Q

alcohol oxidisation reactions- oxidizing reagent

A

dichromic acid- Cr2O7 -2 with H+
Premagnament- MnO4 -1 with H +
excess acidfilled

they become reduced
alcohol becomes oxidised- gains O

30
Q

partial oxidisation
complete oxidisation
of alcholols

A
  1. forms aldehyde

2. forms carboxylic acid

31
Q

oxidastion of secondary alcohols

A

forms ketones

32
Q

formation of esters

A

formed between alkanol and acid
produces water and ester
conditions are concentrated H2SO4

33
Q

polymers

A

molecular chain made up of many repeated monemer units

high melting point because of the large surface area dispersion forces can act upon

34
Q

thermoplastic

A 
type of polymer 
Chains loosely tangled together 
No cross links 
Low melting point
Can be remoulded
35
Q

thermosetting

A

type of polymer
cross links between chains
higher melting points
cannot be remoulded rigid and flexible

36
Q

elastomers

A

type of polymer
can be stretched or deformed
regain there shape
only a few cross over links

37
Q

LDPE

A 
low density poly ethene 
formed under high preasure and heat 
made of branched chains that dont fit very well
low melting point 
soft and flexible 
make carrier bags
38
Q

HDPE

A 
high density poly ethene 
formed using catalyst and low temp
chains are not branched 
fit together 
more cystalline 
forms harder substances

Chemistry Units 1/2 (9 decks)

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