Org Chem Extras Flashcards
Wohler Synthesis
started disproving vitalism
ammonium cyanate to urea
vitalism
organic raw material will produce organic product
inorganic raw material will produce inorganic product
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
totally disproved vitalism
carbon disulfide to carbon dioxide
Explain Resonance
electron delocalization: electrons are shared by several nuclei. dynamic sya unlike Lewis structure na yung shared electrons is solely sa dalawang atoms lang.
each structures of resonance
resonance hybrid
contributing structures
Formal Charge Formula
no. of valence electron - no. of bonds - no. of unshared electrons
no. of valence electron based on periodic table (group)
alkane (hydrogen count)
- in each double bond, two H is lost
- in each triple bond, four H is lost
- in each ring formed, two H is lost
max # of stereoisomer possible
# of enantiomers
# of diastereomers
max # of stereoisomer possible = 2^n
n = # of chirality centers
# of enantiomers = 2
# of diastereomers = (2^n) - 2
Identify alkane given molecular weight
MW = 12n + 2n + 2
alkene stability relationship
heat of combustion or potential energy (inverse)
no. of C atoms (inverse)
branching (direct)
alkoxy
CH3CHO
Cahn Ingold Prelog Priority Rules
- Priority is high atomic number
- Compare the atoms one by one, at the first point of difference
- if there are multiple bonds, magiging single bond sya but replicates of the atom na yun na nakamultiple bond
Degree of Unsaturation
(max H - actual H)/2
* max H = 2n + 2 ; n is # of C atoms
* act H = act H given + X - N ; X = halogen if there are any
* ignore oxygen
Alkene stability in order of importance
of C atoms (inverse)
branching - how substituted the double bonded carbon is (direct)
Trans/E (direct)
introduced VSEPR
Ronald Nyholm and Ronald Gillespie
original idea of molecular geometry
Ryutaro Tsuchida
proposed the same idea by Tsuchida in Bakerian Lecture
Nevil Vincent Sidgwick and Herbert Marcus Powell
Electron Group Geometry
Bilangin yung bonds and lone pairs ng central atom. Double bond count as one and lone pair count as one
2 = linear
3 = trigonal planar
4 = tetrahedral
5 = trigonal bipyramidal
6 = octahedral
Molecular Geometry
AXnEn
Xn = no of bonds
En = no of lone pairs
Parang electron group geometry lang din pero magkahiwalay na bilang na yung bonds and lone pairs
Hybridization
Number of electron groups
Bilangin lang bonds like if central atom yung hinihingi
Zero degree polarized light
50% enantiomer 1; 50% enantiomer 2
Equal amounts of two enantiomers
Wurtz Synthesis
Reaction with Sodium in Dry Ether
Dinodoble yung reactant and pinagcoconnect yung dalawang reactant while removing the functional group nung dalawang reactant.
Alcoholic KOH reaction
Used to produce alkene.
Follows Markovnikov’s Rule: Kung saan may konting hydrogen, doon pupunta ang double bond
Product of ozonolysis (triple bond)
carboxylic acid
