Org Chem Flashcards
An open structure with 2 ends
Linear Structure
An open structure with more than 2 ends
Branched Structure
A closed structure
Cyclic Structurr
A closed structure with no ends
Cyclic Structure
Refer to how many points are there in a structure
Ring members
A single cyclic structure
Monocyclic
A two-cyclic structure
Bicyclic
A three-cyclic structure
Tricyclic
A four-cyclic structure
Tetracyclic
A structure composed of all carbon atoms
Carbocyclic
A structure composed of carbon and other atoms
Heterocyclic
A structure that has single bonds only filled with hydrogen atoms
Saturated
A structure with the presence of double or triple bonds
Unsaturated
The double bond is continuous
Cumulated Unsaturated Structure
A double bond - space - another double bond
Conjugated Unsaturated Structure
Double bonds are placed far from each other
Isolated Unsaturated Structure
Conjugated is always the best or priority answer in structures with both isolated and cumulated structure
CnH2n + 2
Alkanes
CnH2n
Alkene / Cycloalkane
CnH2n - 2
Alkynes / Cycloalkene
It is a branch of chemistry that deals with Carbon – containing compounds with: N, O, X (Halides), H
Organic Chemistry
ARE GROUPS OF ATOMS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CHARACTERISTIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THOSE MOLECULES.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
3 diff types of hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Alicyclic / Carbocyclic
It consists entirely of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
Hydrocarbons
single chain hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
presence of rings, esp Benzene and its
derivatives
Aromatic
chains that form a ring
and behave like aliphatics
Alicyclic / Carbocyclic
It exist in the region directly between two bonded atoms.
Sigma Bonds (o)
It exist in the region above and below a line drawn between two bonded atoms.
Pi Bonds
- uses name given when it was discovered
- uses prefixes
Common name
Naming derived from a parent compound
Derived Name
It is the most systematic naming
IUPAC
- contains only C-C bonds
- suffix is -ane; -yl for alkyl groups
Alkanes
alkanes with one hydrogen atom removed
Alkyl groups
- contains at least one double bonded carbon pair
- suffix is -ene; -yl for alkyl groups
Alkenes
- contains 2 or more carbons sharing a triple bond
- suffix is -yne; -yl for alkyl groups
Alkynes
Classified based on:
- the number of R bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group
- based on the number of -OH groups
Alcohol
Primary alcohols form:
Aldehydes
Carboxylic acid
Secondary alcohols form:
Ketone
Tertiary alcohols form:
No reactions
- chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- ortho, meta, para to designate position
Phenols aka Phenolics
also known as organic oxides
Ethers
Are oxidized to carboxylic acids, and reduced to primary alcohols
Aldehydes
- very stable
- primary route of metabolism : reduction to alcohol
Ketones
Ketones Oxidation Tests
Benedict’s Test
Tollen’s Test
Iodoform Test
nail polish remover
Acetone
male sex hormone
Testosterone
Odorous principle of musk
Muscone
common name of methanoic acid
formic acid
common name of ethanoic acid
acetic acid
common name of propanoic acid
propionic acid
common name of butanoic acid
butyric acid
common name of pentanoic acid
valeric acid
common name of hexanoic acid
caproic acid
common name of heptanoic acid
enanthic acid
common name of octanoic acid
caprylic acid
common name of nonanoic acid
pelargonic acid
common name of decanoic acid
capric acid
common name of ethanedioic acid
oxalic acid
common name of propanedioic acid
malonic acid
common name of butanedioic acid
succinic acid
common name of pentanedioic acid
glutaric acid
common name of hexanedioic acid
adipic acid
common name of hepntanedioic acid
pimelic acid
common name of octanedioic acid
suberic acid
common name of nonanedioic acid
azelaic acid
common name of decanedioic acid
sebacic acid
formed through reactions between an acid and an alcohol with the elimination of water
Ester
