Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory Flashcards
What is the focus of nursing?
It is on the identification of the client’s self-care requisites and the designing of methods to meet the requisites.
What are the 3 theories?
The Theory of Self-care
The Self-Care Deficit Theory (SCDT)
The Theory of Nursing Systems
What is the view of Theory of Self-Care?
Views the person/patient as the self-care agent (SCA), whom deliberately engages in actions that promote health and well-being.
If you breakdown self-care and agent, how are they defined?
Self-Care: the practice of all the activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being.
Agency of the person: The ability or power to meet self-care needs.
What is the ability to perform self-care influenced by?
Basic Conditioning Factors (BCF)
What are Basic Conditioning Factors?
The factors that influence the individual’s unique response, perceptions, and reactions to health, injury, disease or contact w/ the health care system.
What are self-care requisites?
Basic self-care needs.
What are the 3 types of self-care requisites (or requirements)?
Universal, Developmental, and Health Deviation
What does the Universal Self-Care Requisites (USCR) refer to?
Focuses on the requisites needed for a human being to survive physically and socially in his/her environment.
What does the Developmental Self-Care Requisites (DSCR) refer to?
The maturational and situational events occurring across the lifespan. (Ex. adjusting to a new job or body changes due to surgery)
What does the Health Deviation Self-Care requisites (HDSCR) refer to?
Needs that occur when individuals live w/ states of injury and illness. They reflect actions and adjustments the SCA must make when living w/ health deviations. (May result from medical measures needed to diagnose or correct the condition)
Who is a dependent-care agent (DCA)?
an individual who takes actions necessary to meet another person’s self-care needs, other than the person/patient or the nurse.
When might a DCA be needed?
When the SCA is unwilling, unable, or too young to meet their own needs.
When is dependent-care agency?
When the DCA has the sufficient ability/power to meet the needs of the person/patient.
What is therapeutic self-care demand?
Determining if the self-care requisites (needs) are sufficiently met at a therapeutic level that maintains health and well-bring.
If the SCA or DCA is unable to meet the TSCDs, what exists?
A self-care deficit or self-care limitation.
What is the Self-Care Deficit Theory?
(Nursing care is needed!) It is concerned w/ evaluating the SCA’s ability to meet TSCD. If agency is lacking, nursing diagnoses are made according to the self-care requisites that cannot be achieved by the SCA or DCA.
What is the Theory of Nursing Systems?
It defines actions designed and produced by nurses for persons w/ limitations in self-care of dependent-care
What is nurse agency?
Specialized competencies and knowledge that enable the nurse to provide care to compensate for the self-care and dependent-care deficits of others. INCLUDES: the ability to diagnose a person’s self-care deficits, and prescribe/regulate nursing interventions.
When is a nurse agent necessary?
When the SCA or DCAs are unable to give or supervise care. The nurse agent must possess and exercise agency.
What are the 3 basic nursing systems?
Wholly compensatory,
Partly compensatory,
Supportive-educative system
Wholly compensatory
A nursing system where the nurse meets all of the SCA’s needs. (Ex. comatose patient)
Partly compensatory
A nursing system where both the nurse and SCA engages in meeting self-care needs.
(Ex. surgery patient can provide some of his/her own ADLs, but needs assistance w/ dressing changes)
Supportive-educative system
SCAs are able to perform self-care w/ assistance. Nursing assistance in this system enhances an individual’as knowledge, skill acquisition, and decision-making ability, while providing an environment conducive to self-care development. Promoting patient as SCA. (Ex. newly diagnosed diabetic patient needs to be taught for home maintenance of disease)
What are the 10 BCFs?
(1) Pattern of Living (2) Age (3) Gender
(4) Development State (5) Health State
(6) Health Care system factors
(7) Family System factors (8) Sociocultural factors (9) Availability of resources
(10) Environmental factors
What are some of the basic needs of USCR?
1-3.Maintaining a sufficient intake of air, water, and food.
- Providing care for elimination (urinating, perspiration, menstruating) and excrement (feces)
- Maintain balance between activity and rest
- Maintain balance between solitude and social interaction
- Prevention of hazards
- Promotion of normalcy in function and development
What are the needs of DSCR?
- Maturational: changing needs associated with development. (Growth and development)
- Situational: prevention of deleterious effects on development/ function related to life events (pregnancy, loss of loved one, marriage
What are the needs of DDSCR?
- Seeking and securing appropriate medical help
- Awareness and care of pathologic conditions.
- Effectively carrying out prescribed diagnostic, therapeutic, or rehabilitative measures.
- Awareness of side effects of medical care measures.
- Modifying self-concept and self image, accepting health state, and need for care.
- Learning to live with a pathological condition and medical care measures.
How do you know if a self-care deficit exists?
If the TSCD exceeds the ability of the SCA, then SCD exists and a nursing diagnosis is made to state the problem.
What are the components of TSCD?
- Ability to maintain attention and vigilance to self regarding internal and external conditions.
- Controlled use of physical energy for sufficient self-care.
- Control of the position of the body and body parts in movement.
- Ability to reason within self-care frame of reference
- Motivation
- Ability to make operational decisions
- Ability to acquire, retain, and implement technical knowledge of self-care
- Possession of all skills needed for self care
- Ability to prioritize self-care actions
- Ability to consistently perform self-care actions and integrate them into daily life
