Health & Illness- Ch. 3 Flashcards
What is health?
It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1974).
What are the primary objectives of the nurse as a caregiver?
To promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, and to facilitate coping with illness, disability, or death.
The health of the public is measured more globally by ______ and ______.
Morbidity and mortality
(How frequently a disease occurs and and the number of deaths.
How do most individuals define health?
According to how they feel, the absence or presence of symptoms of illness, or their ability to carry out activities of daily living.
What is wellness?
an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
What are the 6 dimensions of health?
PIESSE:
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Sociocultural, Spiritual, Environmental Aspects
What is illness?
is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level
How does disease differ from illness?
Disease is a medical term that means there is a pathologic change in the structure/function of the body/mind. Illness is the response to the disease.
Illness and Wellness is a _______.
Continuum. Patients fluctuate back and forth.
Death-Illness-Normal Health-Good Health-High level Wellness
Illness behaviors are _____ to the individual and influenced by ___, ___, ___, ___, ___. ___, and ___.
Unique.
Age, gender, family values, economic status, culture, education level, and mental status.
What are characteristics of acute illness? Examples?
Rapid onset and short duration. Ex. cold, appendicitis, flu
What are characteristics of chronic illness? Examples?
Slow onset and lasts a long time. It is a permanent change and requires long period of care. Ex. heart failure, arthritis
Which human dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender?
Physical dimension
How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions also influences health and describes which human dimension?
Emotional dimension
Which human dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences?
Intellectual dimension
Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and water are elements in which human dimension?
Environmental dimension
Economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture describes which human dimension?
Sociocultural dimension
Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a person’s health and illness behaviors. Which human dimension is this?
Spiritual dimension
What is self-concept?
How a person feels about self (self-esteem) and the way he/she perceives his/her physical body (body image). Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a person’s health and illness behaviors
What are the 3 components of the Health Belief Model?
(1) Perceived susceptibility to a disease
(2) Perceived seriousness of a disease
(3) Perceived benefits of action
What is perceived susceptibility to a disease?
Part of the health belief model and is the belief that one either will or will not contract a disease.
What is perceived seriousness of a disease?
Concerns the perception of the threat to health posed by the disease and its effect on the person’s lifestyle. This component is related to how much the person knows about the disease and can result in a change in health behavior.
What is perceived benefits of action?
It’s concerned with how effective the individual believes measures will be in preventing
illness. This factor is influenced by the person’s conviction that carrying out a recommended action will prevent or modify
the disease and by the person’s perception of the cost and unpleasant effects of performing the health behavior (compared with not taking any action)
What does the Health Promotion Model focus on?
It is directed at increasing a patient’s well-being. Focusing on individual characteristics and experiences (habits), behavior specific knowledge, beliefs and relationships (belief in positive outcome); and health-related behavior outcomes (committing to a plan)
What is a risk factor?
something that increases a person’s chances for illness or injury. can be modifiable or nonmodifiable.
What are the six major risk factors?
Age, genetics, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, Environment
What is the primary level of health promotion?
directed toward promoting health and preventing disease; precedes disease or dysfunction (wt. loss, diet, exercise, immunization, safe sex, drugs, alcohol, smoking)
What is the secondary level of health promotion?
directed toward screening; focuses on patients who are experiencing health problems; reduce severity of problems (vitals, testing, mammograms, testicular exams)
What is the tertiary level of health promotion?
directed toward minimizing disability and complications; occurs when a disability is permanent (medications, surgery, PT, OT, job training)
