Health & Illness- Ch. 3

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1974).

Question 2

What are the primary objectives of the nurse as a caregiver?

Answer 2

To promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, and to facilitate coping with illness, disability, or death.

Question 3

The health of the public is measured more globally by ______ and ______.

Answer 3

Morbidity and mortality

(How frequently a disease occurs and and the number of deaths.

Question 4

How do most individuals define health?

Answer 4

According to how they feel, the absence or presence of symptoms of illness, or their ability to carry out activities of daily living.

Question 5

What is wellness?

Answer 5

an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.

Question 6

What are the 6 dimensions of health?

Answer 6

PIESSE:

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Sociocultural, Spiritual, Environmental Aspects

Question 7

What is illness?

Answer 7

is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level

Question 8

How does disease differ from illness?

Answer 8

Disease is a medical term that means there is a pathologic change in the structure/function of the body/mind. Illness is the response to the disease.

Question 9

Illness and Wellness is a _______.

Answer 9

Continuum. Patients fluctuate back and forth.

Death-Illness-Normal Health-Good Health-High level Wellness

Question 10

Illness behaviors are _____ to the individual and influenced by ___, ___, ___, ___, ___. ___, and ___.

Answer 10

Unique.

Age, gender, family values, economic status, culture, education level, and mental status.

Question 11

What are characteristics of acute illness? Examples?

Answer 11

Rapid onset and short duration. Ex. cold, appendicitis, flu

Question 12

What are characteristics of chronic illness? Examples?

Answer 12

Slow onset and lasts a long time. It is a permanent change and requires long period of care. Ex. heart failure, arthritis

Question 13

Which human dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender?

Answer 13

Physical dimension

Question 14

How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions also influences health and describes which human dimension?

Answer 14

Emotional dimension

Question 15

Which human dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences?

Answer 15

Intellectual dimension

Question 16

Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and water are elements in which human dimension?

Answer 16

Environmental dimension

Question 17

Economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture describes which human dimension?

Answer 17

Sociocultural dimension

Question 18

Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a person’s health and illness behaviors. Which human dimension is this?

Answer 18

Spiritual dimension

Question 19

What is self-concept?

Answer 19

How a person feels about self (self-esteem) and the way he/she perceives his/her physical body (body image). Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a person’s health and illness behaviors

Question 20

What are the 3 components of the Health Belief Model?

Answer 20

(1) Perceived susceptibility to a disease
(2) Perceived seriousness of a disease
(3) Perceived benefits of action

Question 21

What is perceived susceptibility to a disease?

Answer 21

Part of the health belief model and is the belief that one either will or will not contract a disease.

Question 22

What is perceived seriousness of a disease?

Answer 22

Concerns the perception of the threat to health posed by the disease and its effect on the person’s lifestyle. This component is related to how much the person knows about the disease and can result in a change in health behavior.

Question 23

What is perceived benefits of action?

Answer 23

It’s concerned with how effective the individual believes measures will be in preventing
illness. This factor is influenced by the person’s conviction that carrying out a recommended action will prevent or modify
the disease and by the person’s perception of the cost and unpleasant effects of performing the health behavior (compared with not taking any action)

Question 24

What does the Health Promotion Model focus on?

Answer 24

It is directed at increasing a patient’s well-being. Focusing on individual characteristics and experiences (habits), behavior specific knowledge, beliefs and relationships (belief in positive outcome); and health-related behavior outcomes (committing to a plan)

Question 25

What is a risk factor?

Answer 25

something that increases a person’s chances for illness or injury. can be modifiable or nonmodifiable.

Question 26

What are the six major risk factors?

Answer 26

Age, genetics, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, Environment

Question 27

What is the primary level of health promotion?

Answer 27

directed toward promoting health and preventing disease; precedes disease or dysfunction (wt. loss, diet, exercise, immunization, safe sex, drugs, alcohol, smoking)

Question 28

What is the secondary level of health promotion?

Answer 28

directed toward screening; focuses on patients who are experiencing health problems; reduce severity of problems (vitals, testing, mammograms, testicular exams)

Question 29

What is the tertiary level of health promotion?

Answer 29

directed toward minimizing disability and complications; occurs when a disability is permanent (medications, surgery, PT, OT, job training)