Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

809 - Exam Block 2 > Orbit, Eye, & Vision Part 3 - Herring > Flashcards

Orbit, Eye, & Vision Part 3 - Herring Flashcards

1
Q

entire area of space that a person can see at a given moment

A

visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the specific area on the
retina where light from
that part of the visual field is projected

essentially, where part of the visual field projects onto the actual retina

A

retinal field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

using 2 eyes at the same time to create a single image of the world

A

binocular vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 visual fields for binocular vision, explain them and what the the area of overlap assists with

A

1 for the left eye

1 for the right eye

Area of overlap in the middle to assist with depth perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Visual field of each eye is divided into ________ and ________ regions

A

temporal (lateral) ; nasal (medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Both temporal and nasal visual fields are further divided into _____ and ______ visual fields

A

superior ; inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ultimately ___ quadrants in each visual field

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retina of each eye is also divided:

Temporal retina =

A

lateral retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retina of each eye is also divided:

Nasal retina =

A

medial retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After passing through the lens, light from each portion of the visual field projects to the _______ side of the retina

A

opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visual world projects onto retina with a specific _______

A

orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At the lens the image from the visual field/outside world is ______ and ________

A

inverted ; left/right reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

View of the right side of the “world” (right visual fields) represented on the :

Nasal retina of the ____ eye

Temporal retina of the ____ eye

A

right

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

View of the left side of the “world” (left visual fields) represented on the :

Nasal retina of the ____ eye

Temporal retina of the ____ eye

A

left ; right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each optic nerve (CN II) then carries a “full” representation of the ____ & ____ sides of the world

A

right and left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

each optic nerve (CN II) carries the entire visual field for the _____ eye

A

ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Left optic nerve = carrying the left (temporal) visual field on _____ retina and right (nasal) visual field on ______ retina

A

nasal ; temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lesion of the optic nerve (CN II) = blindness from the ____ eye

A

SAME

Monocular vision loss!!

(loss of right & left sides of the visual fields from the ipsilateral retina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Optic Chiasm - “Peripheral vision” fibers / temporal visual fields ______

A

Cross / Decussate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Optic Chiasm –> PERIPHERAL VISION - from the right optic nerve =

fibers from the nasal retina (carrying the view of the temporal visual field / “right side of the world”) ______

A

CROSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Optic Chiasm –> PERIPHERAL VISION - from the left optic nerve =

fibers from the nasal retina (carrying the view of the temporal visual field / “left side of the world”) ______

A

CROSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Optic Chiasm –> CENTRAL VISION - from the right optic nerve =

fibers from the temporal retina (carrying the view of the nasal visual field / “right side of the world”) do not _____

A

CROSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Optic Chiasm - “CENTRAL VISION” fibers do not ____

A

cross

24
Q

Optic Chiasm –> CENTRAL VISION - from the left optic nerve =

fibers from the temporal retina (carrying the view of the nasal visual field / “left side of the world”) do not _____

A

CROSS

25
Q

Lesion at the optic chiasm that only affects the middle (crossing / decussating) fibers =

A

tunnel vision (patient loses peripheral vision / temporal visual fields)

BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPIA

26
Q

Lesion at the optic chiasm that affects all of the optic chiasm =

A

blindness from both eyes

27
Q

The optic tract extends from the optic chiasm to the ______ on each side

A

thalamus

28
Q

Each optic tract carries the visual field of the ______ side

A

opposite

29
Q

Optic Tract - Right optic tract carries _____ side of the “world” (visual field)

A

left

30
Q

Optic Tract - Left optic tract carries ___ side of the “world” (visual field)

A

right

31
Q

Lesion at the optic tract

A

Opposite side goes dark

(Contralateral homonymous hemianopia)

(a visual defect that causes loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes)

32
Q

Right optic tract lesion = loss of the ____ side of the visual field from ____ eyes

A

left ; both

33
Q

Left optic tract lesion = loss of the _____ side of the visual field from _____ eyes

A

right ; both

34
Q

Pathway of Vision

Most fibers of each of the optic tracts then project to ________ in their ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the ______

A

2nd order cell bodies

thalamus

35
Q

Pathway of Vision

Each lateral geniculate nucleus projects to its ___________

A

ipsilateral occipital cortex (primary visual cortex)

36
Q

Pathway of Vision

Between lateral geniculate nucleus & the occipital cortex, the fibers carrying the upper and lower visual fields ______

A

separate

37
Q

Lesions between the lateral geniculate nucleus & the occipital cortex can result in losing a ________ of the visual field from ______ eyes

A

quadrant ; both

38
Q

Leading cause of severe vision loss in those >50 years (~10 million people in US)

A

Macular Degeneration

39
Q

Vision loss in the center of visual field

A

Macular Degeneration

40
Q

Damage to the cone-dense macular region of retina (trouble discerning colors)

Blurry central vision that can progress to blind spot(s) in the central vision

Peripheral vision remains

A

Macular Degeneration

41
Q

Progressive accumulation of protein deposits in the macula (~85% of cases)

Deposits may further dry and thin macula which increases symptoms

A

Dry Macula Degeneration

42
Q

abnormal leakage of blood vessels deep to the macula causing fluid to build up & scar the macula

A

Wet Macular Degeneration

43
Q

Complication from diabetes affecting the blood vessels of retina

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

44
Q

Blood vessels weaken, bulge, or leak into retina due to high blood sugar levels

Causes retina to swell, potential hemorrhages

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

45
Q

Early: changes in near or distant vision, blurry vision

Later stages: dark eye floaters caused by leakage of blood or scarring of retina by the leaky vessels. New blood vessels grow on the retina (fragile & bleed into the vitreous body). Increased likelihood of retinal detachment

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

46
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

A smaller subset of fibers from the optic tracts project to their _____ pretectal nucleus

A

ipsilateral

47
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

Each pretectal nucleus projects _______ to the right & left Edinger-Westphal nucleus

A

bilaterally

48
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

Each Edinger-Westphal nucleus (preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies) sends its axons peripherally as part of their

A

ipsilateral CN III (oculomotor nerve)

49
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

The preganglinic parasympathetic fibers of each CN III synapse on their IPSILATERAL __________

A

ciliary ganglion (postGPS cell bodies)

50
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers “hitch-a-ride” on their ipsilateral _____________ nerves to pierce the ______ to the ________ and _________

A

short ciliary nerves ; eyeball ; constrictor pupillae & ciliary muscle

51
Q

Lesion to the optic nerve:

Light shined in the ipsilateral pupil

A

Neither pupil constricts

Brain does not know there is light projecting onto the retina

52
Q

Lesion to the optic nerve:

Light shined in the contralateral pupil

A

Both pupils dilate

Brain perceives there is light through the intact pupil

No damage to parasympathetic (motor) pathways

53
Q

Lesion to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, PreGPS fibers of CN III, ciliary ganglion, or postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (lesion to the motor component of the reflex):

Ipsilateral pupil size does ____ change (does not constrict) when a light is projected into either eye

A

not

No motor signal reaches the constrictor pupillae to tell it to constrict

54
Q

Lesion to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, PreGPS fibers of CN III, ciliary ganglion, or postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (lesion to the motor component of the reflex):

Contralateral pupil _____ when a light is projected into either eye

A

constricts

Motor pathway intact so signal reaches the constrictor pupillae as expected

55
Q

Right optic tract - fibers from the temporal retina of the _____ eye & the nasal retina of the _____ eye

A

right ; left

56
Q

Left optic tract - fibers from the nasal retina of the _____ eye & the temporal retina of the _____ eye

A

right ; left

809 - Exam Block 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions