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809 - Exam Block 2 > Orbit, Eye, & Vision Part 2 - Herring > Flashcards

Orbit, Eye, & Vision Part 2 - Herring Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles work _____ & work in _____

A

together ; teams

** think about it, you look to the left and the left eye uses a muscle to look laterally and the right eye uses a muscle to look medially **

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2
Q

Vertical axis movements of the eye = what directions?

A

medially or laterally (left and right)

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3
Q

Transverse axis movements of the eye = what directions?

A

Superior or inferior (up and down)

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4
Q

Anteroposterior axis movements of the eye = what directions?

A

Medial rotation (intorsion) or lateral rotation (extorsion)

(In and out aka towards the nose or not)

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5
Q

Anatomical movements of the eye ALWAYS starts from eye looking directly _______

A

forward

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6
Q

Isolation of Muscles or “Clinical” testing = ________ the muscle and starts from either eye in the ______ or _______ position

A

isolates ; medial ; lateral

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7
Q

What muscles of the eye are responsible for movements of eyeball or raising upper eyelid

A

Extrinsic (extra-ocular)

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8
Q

What muscles of the eye are responsible for controlling shape of lens & size of the pupil

A

Intrinsic

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9
Q

Why do Anatomical Movements ALWAYS start from eye looking directly forward (primary position; eye at rest)

A

Due to angled approach from origin to insertion, some muscles will have complex actions

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10
Q

Rectus Muscles originate as a group from

A

common tendinous ring

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11
Q

What muscles = fibrous cuff that surrounds optic canal & part of superior orbital fissure

A

rectus muscles

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12
Q

Rectus Muscles - Structures traveling through the common tendinous ring:

A

CN II

ophthalmic artery

nasociliary nerve

CN VI

superior & inferior division of CN III

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13
Q

The rectus muscles attach to _____ ½ of eyeball (same aspect as the pupil)

A

anterior

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14
Q

Anatomical Movements - Medial Rectus

A

Adducts the pupil which brings the pupil in medially (toward the nose)

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15
Q

Anatomical Movements - Lateral Rectus

A

Abducts the pupil

Brings the pupil out laterally (away from the nose)

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16
Q

Apex of orbit medial to axis of eyeball is the origin of what muscles

** they also pass laterally to attach to the eyeball **

A

Superior & Inferior Rectus

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17
Q

Anatomical Movements - Superior Rectus

A

Elevates pupil with adduction

Brings the pupil “up & in”

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18
Q

Anatomical Movements - Inferior Rectus

A

Depresses the pupil with adduction

Brings the pupil “down & in”

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19
Q

What muscles do NOT originate from common tendinous ring and angle to insertion

A

Oblique muscles

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20
Q

What muscles attach to the posterior 1/2 of the eyeball on the side opposite the pupil

A

Oblique muscles

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21
Q

Anatomical Movements - Superior Oblique

** also, where does it attach to on the eyeball?

A

Depresses the pupil with abduction

Brings the pupil “down & out”

Attaches to posterolateral half of the eyeball

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22
Q

Anatomical Movements - Inferior Oblique

A

Elevates the pupil with abduction

Brings the pupil “up & out”

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23
Q

Isolation of Muscles or “Clinical” testing - Starting position for elevation/depression movements is with the pupil in the _______ or _______ position (not looking straight ahead)

A

medial or lateral

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24
Q

To isolate lateral & medial rectus

A

Keep in horizontal plane (not any different than anatomical movements)

*** just asking them to look medially and laterally **

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25
Q

To isolate superior rectus, have patient:

A

Bring eye lateral (using lateral rectus)

Then UP

26
Q

To isolate inferior rectus, have patient:

A

Bring eye lateral (using lateral rectus)

Then DOWN

27
Q

To isolate superior oblique, have patient

A

Bring eye medial (using medial rectus)

Then DOWN

28
Q

To isolate inferior oblique, have patient

A

Bring eye medially (using medial rectus)

Then UP

29
Q

Eye misalignment

One eye is turned in a different direction than the other eye

A

Strabismus

30
Q

Eye points downward

A

Hypotropia

31
Q

Eye points outward

A

Exotropia

32
Q

Eye points upward

A

Hypertropia

33
Q

Eye points inward

A

Esotropia

34
Q

Reduced vision in one eye due to abnormal visual development early in life (lazy eye)

A

Amblyopia

35
Q

Oculomotor nerve (CN III) has ________ innervation

A

somatic motor

36
Q

Superior division of CN III innervates what 2 muscles

A

Levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus

37
Q

Inferior division of CN III innervates

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

38
Q

PS pathway of CN III

has what kind of fibers

A

PreGPS fibers

39
Q

PS pathway of CN III

The preGPS fibers synapse on what ganglion

A

Ciliary

40
Q

the ciliary ganglion of CN III is composed of ________ cell bodies

A

PostGPS

41
Q

PostGPS fibers of CN III hitch a ride on ____ ciliary nerves

A

short

42
Q

PS pathway of CN III innervates what 2 muscles

A

sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

43
Q

When CN III is lesioned, we can expect what 3 signs/symptoms

A

Dilated pupil

Ptosis (droopiness) of
upper eyelid

Pupil is directed “down &
out” at rest

44
Q

CN VI has _________ innervation

A

Somatic motor

45
Q

Lesion to the right CN VI when following your finger to the left:

A

Normal function of right medial rectus

(Both eyes look to the left normally)

46
Q

Lesion to the right CN VI when following your finger to the right:

A

Abnormal function of right lateral rectus

(Right eye looks straight ahead while left eye looks right)

47
Q

Lesion to the right CN VI

When the eyes are at rest (looking straight ahead)

A

Right eye in medial position due to unopposed action of medial rectus

(Right eye is inward a bit and left eye is looking straight ahead)

48
Q

CN IV has __________ innervation to the _________ muscle

A

somatic motor ; superior oblique muscle

49
Q

Lesion to the right CN IV

right pupil at rest (looking straight ahead) demonstrates slight

A

elevation

50
Q

Lesion to the right CN IV

Right pupil demonstrates decreased depression from the ______ position

A

medial

51
Q

Lesion to the right CN IV

Patient also presented with a mild head tilt to the ______

A

left (opposite side)

52
Q

some muscles take an _________ approach because their origin is near the apex of the orbit

A

angled

53
Q

Pull insertion towards the

A

origin

54
Q

What are the extrinsic (extra-ocular) muscles

A

Levator palpebrae superioris, rectus mm, & oblique mm

55
Q

What are the intrinsic eye muscles

A

Ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae, dilator pupillae

56
Q

Where is the common tendinous ring

A

apex of orbit

57
Q

What is the only extraocular muscle with an anterior starting point

A

inferior oblique

58
Q

What muscles elevate the pupil when looking straight ahead

A

superior rectus
inferior oblique

59
Q

What muscles depress the pull when looking straight ahead

A

inferior rectus
superior oblique

60
Q

once CN III is in the orbit, it divides into what 2 divisions

A

superior division
inferior division

61
Q

The parasympathetic pathway of CN III only travels as part of the __________ division

A

inferior

809 - Exam Block 2 (14 decks)

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