Orbit and Nasal Cavity Flashcards
what are the 7 bones that make up the orbit
frontal, spenoid, ethmoid, palatine, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic
what nerve comes through the supraorbital foramen?
supraorbital nerve- terminal branch of CN V1
what nerve comes through the optic canal?
optic nerve and opthalmic artery
what nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
CN V1, opthalmic division
CN 3, 4, 6
what nerve goes through the ethmoidal foramina?
nasociliary, V1 branch
what nerve goes through the inferior orbital fissure?
infraorbital nerve: V2 terminal branch
what is the visceral motor innervation for the orbit?
sympathetic: postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion to form the deep petrosal nerve
parasympathetic: preganglionic axons from CN 7 to form greater petrosal nerve
what are the 2 components of the outter layer of the eye?
sclera: white capsule
cornea: clear capsule for light to pass through
what is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?
iris-pupil
what is the somatosensory innervation orbit?
opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
branches of V1 NFL- (medial to lateral) nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
what is the blood supply to the orbit?
opthalmic a.
what is the visceral motor innervation for the intrinsic eye muscles?
sympathetic: postganglionic fibers form superior cervical ganglion
parasympathetic: preganglionic fibers from CN 3 to form ciliary ganglion
what is the function of the ciliary body?
modulate convexity of the lens- only innervated by postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion
what is the visceral motor supply to the iris?
sympathetic: dilator pupillae
parasympathetic: sphincter/ constrictor pupillae
what are the signs and symptoms of horner’s syndrome? what causes it?
-constricted pupil, eyelid ptosis, no sweating on the affected side
-sympathetic nonfunctional, parasympathetic functions not balanced
what is the neurovascular supply to the eyelid?
innervation: CN V1&2 terminal nerve branches
blood supply: anastomosis of internal and external artery terminal branches
what muscle is responsible for the blink reflex?
orbicularis oculi- close eye
orbital part: wink
palpebral part: blink
what is the nerve innervation to the orbicularis oculi?
CN 7
if a patient has bell’s palsy, what would be the affect on the eye?
cannot close eye
what is the function and innervation of the levator palpabrae superioris?
function: open eye
innervation: CN 3
what is the function and innervation to the superior tarsal muscle?
function: open eye further when excited
innervation: sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglia
what eye muscle would be affected in horner’s syndrome?
parital ptosis, superior tarsal muscle
what are the extraocular muscles of the eyeball?
4 rectus muscles
2 obliques
what is the innervation to the rectus muscles of the eye?
CN 3 (medial, superior, and inferior)
CN 6 (lateral)
what is the innervation to the oblique muscles of the eye?
CN 3 (inferior oblique)
CN 4 (superior oblique)
what is the function of the superior oblique?
roll eyeball down and outward
what is the function of the inferior oblique?
roll eyeball up and outward
what is convergence of the eyeballs?
ADDuction of both eyeballs at the same time focusing of target
convergence functional, CN 6 palsy, adducted eyeball
estropia
medial rectus NOT functional, CN 3 palsy, aBducted eyeball
exotopia
elevated eyeballs, CN 4 palsy
hypertopia
depressed eyeballs, inferior oblique muscle not working, CN 3 palsy
hypotropia
what makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
nasal bone
superior, middle ethmoid bone (inferior nasal conchae)
what makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
what makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?
maxilla and palatine bone
what makes up the septum of the nasal cavity?
vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, septal cartilage
what are the cranial sinuses and their functions? (5)
-frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal cells, sphenoidal, mastoid
-produce mucus, lighten skull, improve voice
what is the sinus drainage pathway/ tear into the nasal cavity?
inferior meatus to nasolacrimal duct
middle meatus to frontal maxillary and ethmoidial cells
superior meatus to the posterior ethmoidal cells
sphenoethmoidal recess to spenoidal sinuses
mastoid sinus to middle ear
what is the somatosensory innervation of the nasal cavity?
branches of the trigeminal nerve divisions 1 and 2
what is the visceral motor innervation of the nasal cavity?
parasympathetic: CN 7 pterygopalatine ganglion
what nerve is responsible to chemical sensation- pungency of mustard?
CN V1
what is the blood supply to the nasal cavity?
terminal branches of the internal and external carotid arteries
