Orbit and Nasal Cavity

Question 1

what are the 7 bones that make up the orbit

Answer 1

frontal, spenoid, ethmoid, palatine, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic

Question 2

what nerve comes through the supraorbital foramen?

Answer 2

supraorbital nerve- terminal branch of CN V1

Question 3

what nerve comes through the optic canal?

Answer 3

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Question 4

what nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 4

CN V1, opthalmic division
CN 3, 4, 6

Question 5

what nerve goes through the ethmoidal foramina?

Answer 5

nasociliary, V1 branch

Question 6

what nerve goes through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 6

infraorbital nerve: V2 terminal branch

Question 7

what is the visceral motor innervation for the orbit?

Answer 7

sympathetic: postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion to form the deep petrosal nerve
parasympathetic: preganglionic axons from CN 7 to form greater petrosal nerve

Question 8

what are the 2 components of the outter layer of the eye?

Answer 8

sclera: white capsule
cornea: clear capsule for light to pass through

Question 9

what is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 9

iris-pupil

Question 10

what is the somatosensory innervation orbit?

Answer 10

opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
branches of V1 NFL- (medial to lateral) nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal

Question 11

what is the blood supply to the orbit?

Answer 11

opthalmic a.

Question 12

what is the visceral motor innervation for the intrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 12

sympathetic: postganglionic fibers form superior cervical ganglion
parasympathetic: preganglionic fibers from CN 3 to form ciliary ganglion

Question 13

what is the function of the ciliary body?

Answer 13

modulate convexity of the lens- only innervated by postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion

Question 14

what is the visceral motor supply to the iris?

Answer 14

sympathetic: dilator pupillae
parasympathetic: sphincter/ constrictor pupillae

Question 15

what are the signs and symptoms of horner’s syndrome? what causes it?

Answer 15

-constricted pupil, eyelid ptosis, no sweating on the affected side
-sympathetic nonfunctional, parasympathetic functions not balanced

Question 16

what is the neurovascular supply to the eyelid?

Answer 16

innervation: CN V1&2 terminal nerve branches
blood supply: anastomosis of internal and external artery terminal branches

Question 17

what muscle is responsible for the blink reflex?

Answer 17

orbicularis oculi- close eye
orbital part: wink
palpebral part: blink

Question 18

what is the nerve innervation to the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 18

CN 7

Question 19

if a patient has bell’s palsy, what would be the affect on the eye?

Answer 19

cannot close eye

Question 20

what is the function and innervation of the levator palpabrae superioris?

Answer 20

function: open eye
innervation: CN 3

Question 21

what is the function and innervation to the superior tarsal muscle?

Answer 21

function: open eye further when excited
innervation: sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglia

Question 22

what eye muscle would be affected in horner’s syndrome?

Answer 22

parital ptosis, superior tarsal muscle

Question 23

what are the extraocular muscles of the eyeball?

Answer 23

4 rectus muscles
2 obliques

Question 24

what is the innervation to the rectus muscles of the eye?

Answer 24

CN 3 (medial, superior, and inferior)
CN 6 (lateral)

Question 25

what is the innervation to the oblique muscles of the eye?

Answer 25

CN 3 (inferior oblique)
CN 4 (superior oblique)

Question 26

what is the function of the superior oblique?

Answer 26

roll eyeball down and outward

Question 27

what is the function of the inferior oblique?

Answer 27

roll eyeball up and outward

Question 28

what is convergence of the eyeballs?

Answer 28

ADDuction of both eyeballs at the same time focusing of target

Question 29

convergence functional, CN 6 palsy, adducted eyeball

Answer 29

estropia

Question 30

medial rectus NOT functional, CN 3 palsy, aBducted eyeball

Answer 30

exotopia

Question 31

elevated eyeballs, CN 4 palsy

Answer 31

hypertopia

Question 32

depressed eyeballs, inferior oblique muscle not working, CN 3 palsy

Answer 32

hypotropia

Question 33

what makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 33

nasal bone
superior, middle ethmoid bone (inferior nasal conchae)

Question 34

what makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 34

frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

Question 35

what makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 35

maxilla and palatine bone

Question 36

what makes up the septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 36

vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, septal cartilage

Question 37

what are the cranial sinuses and their functions? (5)

Answer 37

-frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal cells, sphenoidal, mastoid
-produce mucus, lighten skull, improve voice

Question 38

what is the sinus drainage pathway/ tear into the nasal cavity?

Answer 38

inferior meatus to nasolacrimal duct
middle meatus to frontal maxillary and ethmoidial cells
superior meatus to the posterior ethmoidal cells
sphenoethmoidal recess to spenoidal sinuses
mastoid sinus to middle ear

Question 39

what is the somatosensory innervation of the nasal cavity?

Answer 39

branches of the trigeminal nerve divisions 1 and 2

Question 40

what is the visceral motor innervation of the nasal cavity?

Answer 40

parasympathetic: CN 7 pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 41

what nerve is responsible to chemical sensation- pungency of mustard?

Answer 41

CN V1

Question 42

what is the blood supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 42

terminal branches of the internal and external carotid arteries