Anterior neck and visceral organs Flashcards
thyroid cartilage
half ring, laryngeal prominance
cricoid cartilage
full ring, facets articulate with other cartilage
subdivisions for the anterior neck trinagle
submandibular, submental, carotid, muscular
boarders of the posterior neck triangle
anterior: posterior boarder of the SCM
inferior: clavicle
posterior: anterior boarder of upper trap
contents of the investing fascia
whole neck, wraps around the superficial neck muscles (trapezius, infrahyoid muscles, SCM)
contents of the visceral fascia
neck and visceral organs (trachea, thyroid, esophagus)
contents of the carotid sheath
neurovascular structures- internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve
contents of the vertebral fascia
intrinsic neck muscles- scalenes, posterior intrinsic neck muscles
what space can spread infection from the carotid sheath to the mediastinum
retropharyngeal space
cervical plexus nerves
motor division- nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to thyrohyoid, ansa cervicalis, phrenic nerve
cutaneous division- lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavivular
nerve roots for nerve to geniohyoid
C1 through hypoglossal nerve
nerve roots for nerve to thyrohyoid
c1 through hypoglossal nerve
nerve roots for ansa cervicalis
superior root: c1 through hypoglossal nerve
inferior root: c2-c3
phrenic nerve
c3-c5
nerve roots for lesser occipital nerve
c2
nerve roots for great auricular nerve
c2-c3
nerve roots for transverse cervical nerve
c2-c3
nerve roots for supraclavicular nerve
c3-c4
what are the branches from the subclavian artery
thyrocervical trunk- inferior thyroid a.
costocervical trunk- posterior intercostal a., supreme thoracic a.
what are the branches of the external carotid a.
posterior- ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular
anterior- superior thyroid, lingual, facial
terminal branches- maxillary, superficial temporal
where does the superficial vein of the anterior neck drain to
into internal jugular vein
where does the external jugular vein drain to
subclavian v.
where do the internal jugular and subclavian veins drain to
brachiocephalic vein
lymph drainage on the right side
25% to the R subclavian vein
r upper limb, r upper quadrant, r side of head
lymph drainage on the left side
75% all other body parts via the thoracic duct
platysma function and innervation
depress mandible and elevate neck skin
cervical branch of CN 7
SCM function and innervation
B flexion, I sidebend, C rotation
cranial nerve 11
stylohyoid function and innervation
hyoid elevation, cranial nerve 7
digastric function and innervation
hyoid elevation, retraction and depression of mandible
ant belly: mylohyoid branch of CN V3)
post belly: CN 7
mylohyoid function and innervation
elevation of mouth, mandible depression and retraction
mylohyoid branch of CN V3
geniohyoid function and innervation
elevation of mouth, mandible depression and retraction
C1 hiking through hypoglossal
sternohyoid function and innervation
hyoid and larynx depression
ansa cervicalis
sternothyroid function and innervation
depression of thyroid and larynx cartilage
ansa cervicalis
omohyoid function and innervation
hypoid depression
ansa cervicalis
thyrohyoid function and innervation
hyoid depression elevation of thyroid and larynx cartilage
C1 hiking through hypoglossal
anterior scalene function and innervation
B flexion, I sidebend, C rotation
ventral rami of C4-C6
middle scalene function and innervation
I sidebend, 1st rib elevation
ventral rami of C2-C7
posterior scalene function and innervation
neck I sidebend, 2nd rib elevation
ventral rami of C6-C8
what is spared in thoracic outlet syndrome
thyrocervical trunk and subclavian vein
what is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome
brachial plexus and subclavian compressed by anterior and middle scalenes
brachial plexus, subclavian a., and axillary a. compressed by clavicle and 1st rib
contents of carotid sheath
internal carotid a., internal jugular v. CN 10, CN 9, CN 11, hypoglossal n., sympathetic trunk/ cervical ganglia
components of cervical sympathetic ganglia
paravertebral ganglia, prevertebral ganglia, cervical ganglia
what happens if there is an increase if thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?
hyperthyroidism- increased metabolism, thin and hot
what happens if there is an increase in parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland?
calcification of blood vessels
what is the blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands
superior thyroid artery
what is the visceral innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid gland?
sensory: superior laryngeal n.
motor: sympathetic- middle cervical ganglia (decrease thyroid but increase parathyroid)
parasympathetic- superior laryngeal n. (increase thyroid hormone release)
what is the innervation for the larynx muscles
extrinsic- somatic/ branchial motor CN 10- voluntary control
intrinsic- sensory- recurrent laryngeal n.
what is the innervation of the trachea?
smooth muscles- visceral motor by CN 10
the division line of somatic and visceral innervation is the cricoid cartilage
what is the blood supply to the larynx and trachea
inferior thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery
what is the innervation of the pharynx and esophagus?
somatic motor: CN 10, 9
visceral motor: CN 9,10
somatic sensation: CN 9, 10
visceral motor: taste by CN 9, 10
