Anterior neck and visceral organs

Question 1

thyroid cartilage

Answer 1

half ring, laryngeal prominance

Question 2

cricoid cartilage

Answer 2

full ring, facets articulate with other cartilage

Question 3

subdivisions for the anterior neck trinagle

Answer 3

submandibular, submental, carotid, muscular

Question 4

boarders of the posterior neck triangle

Answer 4

anterior: posterior boarder of the SCM
inferior: clavicle
posterior: anterior boarder of upper trap

Question 5

contents of the investing fascia

Answer 5

whole neck, wraps around the superficial neck muscles (trapezius, infrahyoid muscles, SCM)

Question 6

contents of the visceral fascia

Answer 6

neck and visceral organs (trachea, thyroid, esophagus)

Question 7

contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 7

neurovascular structures- internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve

Question 8

contents of the vertebral fascia

Answer 8

intrinsic neck muscles- scalenes, posterior intrinsic neck muscles

Question 9

what space can spread infection from the carotid sheath to the mediastinum

Answer 9

retropharyngeal space

Question 10

cervical plexus nerves

Answer 10

motor division- nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to thyrohyoid, ansa cervicalis, phrenic nerve
cutaneous division- lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavivular

Question 11

nerve roots for nerve to geniohyoid

Answer 11

C1 through hypoglossal nerve

Question 12

nerve roots for nerve to thyrohyoid

Answer 12

c1 through hypoglossal nerve

Question 13

nerve roots for ansa cervicalis

Answer 13

superior root: c1 through hypoglossal nerve
inferior root: c2-c3

Question 14

phrenic nerve

Answer 14

c3-c5

Question 15

nerve roots for lesser occipital nerve

Answer 15

c2

Question 16

nerve roots for great auricular nerve

Answer 16

c2-c3

Question 17

nerve roots for transverse cervical nerve

Answer 17

c2-c3

Question 18

nerve roots for supraclavicular nerve

Answer 18

c3-c4

Question 19

what are the branches from the subclavian artery

Answer 19

thyrocervical trunk- inferior thyroid a.
costocervical trunk- posterior intercostal a., supreme thoracic a.

Question 20

what are the branches of the external carotid a.

Answer 20

posterior- ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular
anterior- superior thyroid, lingual, facial
terminal branches- maxillary, superficial temporal

Question 21

where does the superficial vein of the anterior neck drain to

Answer 21

into internal jugular vein

Question 22

where does the external jugular vein drain to

Answer 22

subclavian v.

Question 23

where do the internal jugular and subclavian veins drain to

Answer 23

brachiocephalic vein

Question 24

lymph drainage on the right side

Answer 24

25% to the R subclavian vein
r upper limb, r upper quadrant, r side of head

Question 25

lymph drainage on the left side

Answer 25

75% all other body parts via the thoracic duct

Question 26

platysma function and innervation

Answer 26

depress mandible and elevate neck skin cervical branch of CN 7

Question 27

SCM function and innervation

Answer 27

B flexion, I sidebend, C rotation cranial nerve 11

Question 28

stylohyoid function and innervation

Answer 28

hyoid elevation, cranial nerve 7

Question 29

digastric function and innervation

Answer 29

hyoid elevation, retraction and depression of mandible ant belly: mylohyoid branch of CN V3) post belly: CN 7

Question 30

mylohyoid function and innervation

Answer 30

elevation of mouth, mandible depression and retraction mylohyoid branch of CN V3

Question 31

geniohyoid function and innervation

Answer 31

elevation of mouth, mandible depression and retraction C1 hiking through hypoglossal

Question 32

sternohyoid function and innervation

Answer 32

hyoid and larynx depression ansa cervicalis

Question 33

sternothyroid function and innervation

Answer 33

depression of thyroid and larynx cartilage ansa cervicalis

Question 34

omohyoid function and innervation

Answer 34

hypoid depression ansa cervicalis

Question 35

thyrohyoid function and innervation

Answer 35

hyoid depression elevation of thyroid and larynx cartilage C1 hiking through hypoglossal

Question 36

anterior scalene function and innervation

Answer 36

B flexion, I sidebend, C rotation ventral rami of C4-C6

Question 37

middle scalene function and innervation

Answer 37

I sidebend, 1st rib elevation ventral rami of C2-C7

Question 38

posterior scalene function and innervation

Answer 38

neck I sidebend, 2nd rib elevation ventral rami of C6-C8

Question 39

what is spared in thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 39

thyrocervical trunk and subclavian vein

Question 40

what is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 40

brachial plexus and subclavian compressed by anterior and middle scalenes brachial plexus, subclavian a., and axillary a. compressed by clavicle and 1st rib

Question 41

contents of carotid sheath

Answer 41

internal carotid a., internal jugular v. CN 10, CN 9, CN 11, hypoglossal n., sympathetic trunk/ cervical ganglia

Question 42

components of cervical sympathetic ganglia

Answer 42

paravertebral ganglia, prevertebral ganglia, cervical ganglia

Question 43

what happens if there is an increase if thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?

Answer 43

hyperthyroidism- increased metabolism, thin and hot

Question 44

what happens if there is an increase in parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland?

Answer 44

calcification of blood vessels

Question 45

what is the blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Answer 45

superior thyroid artery

Question 46

what is the visceral innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid gland?

Answer 46

sensory: superior laryngeal n. motor: sympathetic- middle cervical ganglia (decrease thyroid but increase parathyroid) parasympathetic- superior laryngeal n. (increase thyroid hormone release)

Question 47

what is the innervation for the larynx muscles

Answer 47

extrinsic- somatic/ branchial motor CN 10- voluntary control intrinsic- sensory- recurrent laryngeal n.

Question 48

what is the innervation of the trachea?

Answer 48

smooth muscles- visceral motor by CN 10 the division line of somatic and visceral innervation is the cricoid cartilage

Question 49

what is the blood supply to the larynx and trachea

Answer 49

inferior thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery

Question 50

what is the innervation of the pharynx and esophagus?

Answer 50

somatic motor: CN 10, 9 visceral motor: CN 9,10 somatic sensation: CN 9, 10 visceral motor: taste by CN 9, 10