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H&N Anatomy Quiz 3 > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

ID the structure:

Resembles a 4-sided pyramid with the base anteriorly and apex posteriorly.

A

Bony orbit

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2
Q

10% of all facial fractures are isolated ________ fractures.

A

Orbital wall

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3
Q

___________ % of all fractures involve the orbit.

A

30-40%

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4
Q

Bony Orbit superior boundary:

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

Bony Orbit inferior boundary:

A

Maxillary sinus

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6
Q

Bony Orbit ______ boundary:

Nasal cavity

A

Medial

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7
Q

Lateral boundary of bony orbit:

A

Middle cranial fossa and temporal fossa

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8
Q

Sphenoid sinus and middle cranial fossa are ____ boundary of the bony orbit.

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What CNs pass through the orbit?

A

CN II III IV V1 VI

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10
Q

Name the contents of the orbit:

A
  • Orbital fat
  • EOMS
  • Globe
  • CN II III IV V1 VI
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Arteries and veins
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11
Q

Name the parts of the lacrimal apparatus:

A
  • Lacrimal gland

- Lacrimal sac

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12
Q

Name the paired bones of the orbit:

A
  • Lacrimal
  • Palatine
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxillary
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13
Q

Name the unpaired bones of the orbit:

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
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14
Q

bony orbit is composed of ____ bones.

A

7

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15
Q

Name the openings into the orbit:

A
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Inferior orbital fissure
  • Optic canal
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16
Q

Superior orbital fissure is an opening between ______ and _____.

A

Greater and lesser wings of sphenoid

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17
Q

Name the opening between greater wing of sphenoid and maxilla.

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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18
Q

This opening lies between lesser wing and body of sphenoid, at the orbital apex.

A

Optic canal

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19
Q

Which opening is at the orbital apex of the eye?

A

Optic canal

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20
Q

The roof of the orbit underlies:

A

frontal sinus and anterior cranial fossa

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21
Q

The roof of the orbit is formed by:

A

Orbital plate of frontal bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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22
Q

Orbital plate is a thick and sturdy bone. (T/F)

A

False: it’s a very thin bone.

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23
Q

Roof is thinnest at ______.

A

areas of frontal sinus

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24
Q

Orbital roof anamoly/fracture is typically due to:

A

Significant head trauma

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25
Q

Unhelmeted motorcycle accidents are examples of __________ fractures.

A

Orbital roof

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26
Q

Possible sequelae of the orbital roof:

A
  • CSF rinorrhea

- Orbital encephalocele

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27
Q

What is orbital encephalocele?

A

Protrusion of brain through skull defect

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28
Q

The floor of the orbit is composed of:

A
  • Orbital plate of maxillary bone
  • Orbital plate of zygomatic bone
  • Orbital process of palatine bone
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29
Q

Medial wall of the orbit is composed of:

A
  • Frontal process of maxilla
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
  • Body of sphenoid bone
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30
Q

Anterior + posterior lacrimal crests:

A

Lacrimal fossa

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31
Q

How can one get an orbital medial wall fracture?

A

The medial wall is extremely thin.
Prone to damage and sinusitis spread of infection.
May lead to orbital cellulitis

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32
Q

What can lead to orbital cellulitis?

A

Fracture/anamoly of the orbital medial wall.

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33
Q

Strongest and the thickest wall of the orbit is:

A

The lateral wall

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34
Q

These bones make the ______ wall of the orbit.

  • Frontal process of maxilla
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Orbital plate of ethmoid bone
  • Body of sphenoid bone
A

Medial

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35
Q

The lateral wall of orbit is composed of:

A
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Greater wing of sphenoid
  • Zygomatic process of frontal bone
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36
Q

This bone separates orbit from temporal fossa.

A

Zygomatic bone

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37
Q

This bone separates orbit from middle cranial fossa.

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

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38
Q

Define periorbita:

A

All bones are lined with periorbita, which is a dense layer of vascular CT.

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39
Q

Periorbita is continuous at __________ and __________ with periosteal layer of dura.

A

Optic canal; superior orbital fissure

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40
Q

Choose on:

Periorbita is loosely/firmly attached to the orbital bone.

A

Loosley

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41
Q

Periorbita is firmly attached to:

A
  • Trochlea
  • Optic canal
  • Orbital fissures
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42
Q

What is trochlea and it’s function?

A

Cartilaginous pulley structure for the superior oblique muscle

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43
Q

Define orbital septum:

A

Dense CT, extension of periobita into eyelids.

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44
Q

Orbital septum runs from ______ to ______.

A

Entire orbital rim to tarsal plates of eyelids

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45
Q

What is the fxn of the orbital septum?

A
  • Barrier to spread of infection from eyelids into orbit

- Restricts fat from falling onto the lid margins

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46
Q

This CT system is posterior to lacrimal sac:

A

Orbital septum

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47
Q

ID the structure:

Runs from entire orbital rim to tarsal plates of eyelids

A

Orbital septum

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48
Q

Common Tendinous Ring aka

A

Annulus of Zinn

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49
Q

Common tendinous ring is passage for:

A
  • Nasociliary nerve (V1)
  • Oculomotor nerve (superior & inferior divisions)
  • Abducens nerve
  • Optic nerve
  • Ophthalmic artery
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50
Q

Tenon’s capsule is made of:

A

Dense elastic CT

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51
Q

ID the structure:

Lies between conjunctiva and episclera and merges with both at the limbus

A

Tenon’s capsule

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52
Q

Tenon’s capsule fuses with ___________ posteriorly.

A

Optic nerve sheath

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53
Q

What is the name of the structure that serves as a protective cover over EOM’s where they insert into the sclera?

A

Tenon’s capsule

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54
Q

What separates globe from orbital fat?

A

Tenon’s capsule

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55
Q

Tenon’s capsule functions:

A
  • separates globe from orbital fat

- serves as a protective cover over EOM’s where they insert into the sclera

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56
Q

Name the voluntary muscles of the orbit:

A
  • 4 recti
  • 2 oblique
  • lavator palpebrae superioris
57
Q

lavator palpebrae superioris fxn:

A

elevates eyelid

58
Q

_______ muscles allow for movement of globe within the orbit.

A

Extraocular

59
Q

Involuntary muscle of the orbit:

A

Muller’s muscle

60
Q

Which muscle originates on the LPS and extends into the tarsal plates?

A

Muller’s muscle

61
Q

Muscle action

Lateral rectus

A

Abduction

62
Q

Muscle for adduction

A

Medial rectus

63
Q

Muscle for elevation, adduction, intorsion.

A

Superior rectus

64
Q

Muscle for depression, adduction, extorsion

A

Inferior rectus

65
Q

Muscle action

Superior oblique

A

Intorsion, depression, abduction

66
Q

Muscle for extorsion, elevation, abduction

A

Inferior oblique

67
Q

Field of action of each muscle is _____.

A

The direction where particular muscle has the greatest action

68
Q

In lateral gaze, __________ is negated.

A

medial pull of SR/IR

69
Q

In ____ gaze, lateral pull of SO/IO is negated.

A

Medial

70
Q

Lavator palpebrae superioris origin and insertion

A

Origin: lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Insertion: superior tarsal plate and skin of eyelid

71
Q

Elevation of eyelid is the primary action of this muscle.

A

Lavator palpebrae superioris

72
Q

Primary action of superior rectus:

A

Elevation of globe

73
Q

These muscles originate at common tendinous ring and insert into sclera.

A

superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
lateral rectus

74
Q

Depression of the globe is done by ______.

A

Inferior rectus

75
Q

Origin and insertion of inferior rectus:

A

Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: sclera

76
Q

Primary action of lateral rectus:

A

Abduction of globe

77
Q

Primary action of ________ is to adduct the globe.

A

Medial Rectus

78
Q

Primary action of superior oblique:

A

Intorsion of globe

79
Q

superior oblique inserts into:

A

sclera

80
Q

This muscle originates from body of sphenoid above common tendinous ring:

A

superior oblique

81
Q

Extorsion of globe is done by:

A

Inferior oblique

82
Q

Inferior oblique origin and insertion:

A

Origin: orbital surface of maxilla
Insertion: sclera

83
Q

All recti and oblique muscles insert into:

A

Sclera

84
Q

These two muscle are innervated by superior division of CN III.

A
  • Lavator palpebrae superioris

- Superior rectus

85
Q

IR and MR are innervated by:

A

Inferior division of CN III

86
Q

This muscle is innervated by CN IV:

A

Superior oblique

87
Q

These muscles are innervated by inferior division of CN III:

A
  • Inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • VE to ciliary ganglion
88
Q

CN VI innervates this muscle:

A

Lateral rectus

89
Q

Secondary action of this muscle depression:

A

Superior oblique

90
Q

Secondary action of inferior oblique:

A

Elevation

91
Q

Adduction is the secondary action of:

A

Inferior rectus

Superior rectus

92
Q

Motor innervation of the orbit is via these CNs:

A

III (superior and inferior divisions), IV, VI

93
Q

Sensory information of the orbit is via these CNs:

A

CN II and V1

94
Q

Orbital blood supply is via:

A

Ophthalmic artery

95
Q

venous drainage of the orbit is via:

A
  • Superior ophthalmic vein
  • Inferior ophthalmic vein
  • Cavernous sinus
96
Q

Location of superior ophthalmic vein:

A

Junction of supra-orbital and angular veins

97
Q

Superior ophthalmic vein drains into:

A

Cavernous sinus

98
Q

Drains into cavernous sinus or pterygoid venous plexus via IOF:

A

Inferior ophthalmic vein

99
Q

Drains most of the ocular structures:

A

Cavernous sinus

100
Q

What’s in the ridge of superior orbital margin?

A
  • 2 mm posterior to lateral margin: lacrimal gland fossa

- 2 mm posterior to medial margin: trochlea

101
Q

Floor of the orbit is separated from the lateral wall by:

A

Inferior orbital fissure

102
Q

This part of the orbit connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the face:

A

Floor of the orbit

103
Q

The floor of the orbit contains infraobrital canal that opens onto the face via the ___________ in order to transmit ____.

A

Infraorbital foramen; V2

104
Q

The bone that is most likely to be fractured at the floor of the orbit is:

A

The maxillary bone

105
Q

Orbital floor fracture can lead to:

A
  • Prolapsed orbital fat in the maxillary sinus
  • Damage to the infraorbital nerve
  • IR muscle entrapment
106
Q

Damage to the infraorbital nerve can result in:

A

loss of GA sensation from the cheek area of the face

107
Q

Lamina papyracea means _______ and is another name for _________.

A

Paper thin; orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

108
Q

Fossa for lacrimal sac medially is made by groove within _____________ and ____________.

A

lacrimal bone and frontal process of maxilla

109
Q

Lacrimal fossa continues as _______________ to drain into the _______________.

A

nasolacrimal canal; inferior nasal meatus

110
Q

______ wall fractures of the orbit normally don’t need a repair.

A

Medial

111
Q

Common tendinous ring is anterior/posterior to optic canal. Choose one.

A

Anterior

112
Q

All recti muscles originate from:

A

Common tendinous ring

113
Q

T/F:

Both divisions of the occulomotor nerve pass through the common tendinous ring.

A

True

114
Q

T/F:

CN IV Trochlear nerve passes through the Common tendinous ring.

A

False. Passes through the superior orbital fissure

115
Q

If angles of gaze and muscle coincide at 23*, elevation is done by:

A

Superior rectus

116
Q

If angles of gaze and muscle coincide at 23*, ________ in done by Inferior rectus.

A

Depression

117
Q

If angles of gaze and muscle coincide at 51*, ________ muscle will depress the eye.

A

Superior oblique

118
Q

If angles of gaze and muscle coincide at 51*, _____________ is done by inferior oblique.

A

Elevation

119
Q

Antagonist to superior rectus is:

A

Inferior rectus

120
Q

Sensory innervation of the orbit is via these CNs:

A
  • CN II

- CN V1

121
Q

Sensory afferent information responsible for vision is carries by:

A

CN II

122
Q

General afferent from orbit, upper eyelid, superior face and forehead are carries by this CN:

A

CN V1

123
Q

CN II is responsible for _____.

A

Vision (SA)

124
Q

Choose one:

CN V1 divides into 3 before/after entering the orbit.

A

Before

125
Q

Frontal and lacrimal divisions of CN V1 enter the orbit via _______, ______ the tendinous ring.

A

SOF; above

126
Q

______ division of CN V1 enters the orbit via SOF and passes through the common tendinous ring.

A

Nasociliary

127
Q

Frontal divison of CN V1 farther divides into:

A
  1. supratrochlear

2. supraorbital

128
Q

Arterial supply to retina is via:

A

CRA: central retinal artery

129
Q

Arterial supply by lacrimal artery is to:

A
  • lacrimal gland
  • conjunctiva
  • eyelid
130
Q

Short posterior ciliary arteries supply blood to:

A

choroid

131
Q

Ciliary body and the iris are supplied by:

A

Long posterior ciliary arteries

132
Q

Muscular branches supply:

A

-EOMs

133
Q

Anterior ciliary artery branches off of ________ and supplies the _______.

A

Muscular branches; Iris

134
Q

Eyebrows, forehead and the scalp are supplied by:

A

Supraorbital artery

135
Q

Supratrochlear artery supplies:

A

Forehead and scalp

136
Q

Anterior ethmoid artery supplies:

A
  • Ethmoidal air cells
  • frontal sinus
  • nasal cavity
  • external nose
137
Q

Upper and lower eyelid arches are supplied by:

A

Medial palpebral artery

138
Q

Side of the nose and lacrimal sac are supplied by:

A

Dorsal nasal artery

H&N Anatomy Quiz 3 (6 decks)

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