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H&N Anatomy Quiz 3 > Eye & Eyelid > Flashcards

Eye & Eyelid Flashcards

1
Q

Choose 1:

Eyelashes are located anterior/posterior to pores of meibomian glands.

A

anterior

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2
Q

Define gray line:

A

Groove that runs between eyelashes and pores of meibomian glands

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3
Q

The most anterior part of muscle of riolan is:

A

gray line

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4
Q

Functions of the eyelids:

A
  1. Cover globe for protection
  2. Move tears towards drainage at medial canthus upon closure
  3. Spread tear film over anterior surface of eye upon opening
  4. Contain structures that produce the tear film
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5
Q

Name all the glands of the eyelid:

A
  1. Meibomian glands
  2. Glands of Wolfrig
  3. Glands of Krause
  4. Glands of Zeis
  5. Glands of Moll
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6
Q

These glads are located in tarsal plates:

A

Meibomian glands

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7
Q

Choose one:

Meibomian glands make up a(n) watery/oily layer.

A

Oily

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8
Q

Glands of wolfrig make up an ______ layer and are located near ______.

A

Aqueous; tarsal plates

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9
Q

This gland is an aqueous layer and located in fornix:

A

Gland of Krause

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10
Q

Glands of Zeis secretion is _____ and are located _________.

A

Sebaceous; at the base of hair follicle

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11
Q

Eyelash lubrication is done by this gland:

A

Gland of Zeis

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12
Q

Sudiferous secretions are from ___________, which are located ________________.

A

Glands of Moll; adjacent to hair follicle base

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13
Q

Lacrimal gland is located:

A

within lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone

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14
Q

Palpebral and orbital portions of the lacrimal gland are divided by ____________.

A

Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

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15
Q

_____________ connect lacrimal puncta to lacrimal sac

A

Canaliculi

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16
Q

What makes the superior palpebral sulcus?

A

LPS inserts into eyelid skin to produce superior eyelid crease

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17
Q

How is inferior palpebral sulcus produced?

A

Eyelid skin is tethered to underlying periosteum

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18
Q

The gray line in the most anterior part of ____________ and is in the _________ part of orbicularis oculi muscle.

A

Anterior; Palpebral

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19
Q

What structure has this function:

Keeps lid margins apposed to globe

A

Gray line

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20
Q

Mucocutaneous junction is in the ____________ edge of the eyelid.

A

Posterior

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21
Q

What are the structures of the eyelid margin?

A
  • Meibomian Orifices
  • Gray line (muscle of Riolan)
  • Lash line and eyelashes
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22
Q

Identify the structure:

It is the surgical division between anterior and posterior parts of the eyelid.

A

Gray line

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23
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid?

A
  • Skin
  • Subcutaneous areolar layer
  • Orbicularis layer
  • Sub-muscular areolar tissue
  • Orbital septum
  • Posterior muscular system (LPS + Muller’s)
  • Tarsal plate
  • Palpebral conjunctiva
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24
Q

Thinnest skin of the body is located:

A

on the eyelids

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25
Q

Skin of the eyelids do not contain any ____.

A

Fat

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26
Q

Skin of the eyelid contains:

A
  • Fine hair
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
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27
Q

This layer of the eyelid contains no fat and blood and edema can easily pool in it.

A

Subcutaneous areolar layer

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28
Q

Subcutaneous areolar layer is a loose CT between __________ and ___________.

A

Skin; orbicularis layer

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29
Q

What is contained in the orbicularis layer of the eyelid?

A
  1. Orbital portion

2. Palpebral portion

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30
Q

What is contained in the palpebral orbicularis layer?

A
  • Muscle of Riolan

- Muscle of Horner

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31
Q

Orbital orbicularis layer function:

A

Forced closure of eyelids

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32
Q

This layer of the eyelid is used for spontaneous and reflex blinking

A

Palpebral orbicularis layer

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33
Q

Sub-muscular areolar tissue is what type of CT and is between which layers of the eyelid?

A

Loose; orbicularis oculi and orbital septum

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34
Q

This layer communicates with subaponeurotic layer of the scalp:

A

Sub-muscular areolar tissue

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35
Q

Raccoon eyes are associated with which layer of the eyelid?

A

Sub-muscular areolar tissue

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36
Q

Orbital septum is a _____ CT.

A

Dense

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37
Q

Functions of the orbital septum:

A
  • Restricts fat from falling onto lid margins

- Prevents superficial infections from spreading into the orbit

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38
Q

Identify the structure:

Runs from entire orbital rim to tarsal plates of eyelids and is extension of periorbita:

A

Orbital septum

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39
Q

Identify the structure:

Dense irregular connective tissue that is made up of collagen fibrils that surround the meibomian glands.

A

Tarsal plate

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40
Q

Tarsal plate function:

A

To provide rigidity to the eyelids

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41
Q

What is the function of LPS?

A

It retracts the upper eyelid

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42
Q

LPS is innervated by:

A

CN III

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43
Q

LPS origin and insertion:

A

Origin: Sphenoid bone
Insertion: Tarsal plates and the skin of the eyelid as levator aponeurosis

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44
Q

Identify the structure:

fan-shaped tendinous expansion posterior to the orbital section.

A

LPS

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45
Q

Fibers of LPS penetrate ______ and attach to ______ and eyelid.

A

septum; tarsal plates and eyelid

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46
Q

LPS divides ________ into orbital and palpebral lobes.

A

Lacrimal gland

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47
Q

Muller’s muscle is aka:

A

Superior tarsal muscle

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48
Q

This muscle is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Muller’s muscle (superior tarsal muscle)

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49
Q

Function of Muller’s muscle:

A

Widens the palpebral fissure by 2-3 mm

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50
Q

Identify the structure:

It is the minor retractor of the upper eyelid.

A

Muller’s muscle

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51
Q

Muller’s muscle origin:

A

LPS

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52
Q

Muller’s muscle insertion:

A

Tarsal plate

53
Q

What is the palpebral conjunctiva?

A

It is a mucous membrane made up of non-keratinized squamous epithelium and goblet cells.

54
Q

Function of the goblet cells:

A

Produce mucin layer of the tear film

55
Q

True/false:

Epithelial later of palpebral conjunctiva has a stratified protective layer.

A

True

56
Q

Stroma of palpebral conjunctiva is what type of tissue?

A

Loose vascularized CT

57
Q

___________ of palpebral conjunctiva contains accessory lacrimal glands, nerves, and blood vessels.

A

Stroma

58
Q

Identify the ligament:

Forms hammock below the eyeball to provide support.

A

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood

59
Q

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood encloses these muscles:

A
  • IR

- IO

60
Q

Which ligament provides suspensory support for upper eyelid?

A

Whitnall ligament

61
Q

Whitnall ligament function:

A

Surrounds LPS and causes it to have superior vector pull

62
Q

These ligaments attack to superior and inferior tarsal plates:

A

Medial and lateral canthal ligaments

63
Q

What are the components of the lacrimal aparatus?

A

Lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands

64
Q

What are the constituents of the nasolacrimal drainage system?

A

-Lacrimal puncta
-Canaliculi
-Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
-Valve of Hasner

65
Q

What muscle surrounds the canaliculi?

A

Muscle of Horner

66
Q

Canaliculi are ____ mm long.

A

10

67
Q

Lacrimal sac location:

A

lies within fossa formed by maxillary and lacrimal bones

68
Q

True/false:

Lacrimal fossa is posterior to orbital septum.

A

False: anterior

69
Q

Define dacryocytitis.

A

Infection of lacrimal sac, usually due to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct.

70
Q

Nasolacrimal duct is about ____ mm.

A

15

71
Q

____________ travels adjacent to maxillary sinus through nasolacrimal canal.

A

Nasolacrimal duct

72
Q

Nasolacrimal duct terminates in __________.

A

Inferior meatus

73
Q

This structure prevents the backflow of nasal fluids:

A

Valve of Hasner

74
Q

Name the different types of tear secretion:

A
  • Basal
  • Reflex
  • Emotional
75
Q

Basal tear secretion purpose:

A

Regularly secreted to keep cornea moist and nourished

76
Q

Basal tear secretion is via which glands?

A
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Meibomian glands
  • Conjunctiva
77
Q

Reflex tear secretion serves what purpose?

A

It is in response to irritants and is secreted rapidly to flush the cornea

78
Q

Afferent limb of tear reflex arc is innervated by:

A

CN V1

79
Q

Efferent limb of tear reflex arc is innervated by:

A

CN VII

80
Q

Underlying mechanism is unknown for this type of tear secretion:

A

Emotional

81
Q

In CN V lesions, ______ tears are lost but ______ are not.

A

Reflex; emotional

82
Q

What are the GA nerves to the eyelids?

A
  • Ophthalmic (CN V1) + frontal and lacrimal branches

- Maxillary (CN V2) + infraorbital and zygomaticofacial branches

83
Q

Upper lid GA innervation is by:

A

CN V1

84
Q

True/false:

CN V2 innervates the lower lid.

A

True

85
Q

GE innervation of the eyelids is via:

A

Zygomatic branchof CN VII to orbicularis oculi

86
Q

Sympathetic innervation (VE) of the eyelids is by this muscle:

A

Muller’s muscle

87
Q

Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves are branches of:

A

Frontal nerve of CN V1.

88
Q

What is the blood supply to the eyelids from the ECA?

A
  • Facial artery

- Maxillary artery

89
Q

Terminal branch of the facial artery is called _______ and goes to _________.

A

Angular artery; medial canthus

90
Q

Maxillary artery branches in _____________, enters the orbit via _____________ as infraorbital artery and supplies ______ and ______.

A

Infraorbital fossa
IOF
Lower lid and lacrimal sac

91
Q

Maxillary artery joins these two arteries:

A

Angular artery (ECA) and dorsal nasal artery (ICA)

92
Q

What is the blood supply to the eyelids from the ICA?

A 
Ophthalmic artery and it's branches:
Lateral palpebral 
Medial palpebral 
Dorsal nasal 
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
93
Q

What is the venous drainage of the eyelid?

A

Superior ophthalmic vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Infraorbital vein

94
Q

What is the pathway for venous drainage from superior ophthalmic vein?

A

Angular + superorbital veins -> superior orbital vein -> cavernous sinus

95
Q

Inferior ophthalmic vein drains into:

A

Cavernous sinus OR pterygoid venous plexus

96
Q

Infraorbital vein drains into:

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

97
Q

Name the structure:

tough outer layer of the eyeball that gives the eye rigidity.

A

Sclera

98
Q

Define conjunctiva:

A

Thin vascularized membrane covering sclera

99
Q

Name the structure:

transparent bulge on the front part of the eye to allow light to enter the eye

A

Cornea

100
Q

Define iris:

A

Colored part of the middle layer of the eye

101
Q

Name the structure:

Central opening in the iris; diameter altered to control amount of light entering the eye

A

Pupil

102
Q

Function of the lens:

A

Focuses light onto the retina

103
Q

Properties of the lens:

A
  • Biconvex
  • Transparent
  • Elastic
  • Made of water and proteins
104
Q

Layers of the lens:

A
  • Capsule: thin outer membrane
  • Cortex: soft
  • Nucleus: Hard center
105
Q

Soft layer of the lens is called:

A

Cortex

106
Q

Identify the structure:

The anterior 1/6 of the eyeball from cornea to iris.

A

Aqueous chamber

107
Q

Name the components of the aqueous chamber of the eye:

A
  • Anterior chamber: anterior to iris
  • Posterior chamber: posterior to iris
  • Aqueous humor: Clear fluid that nourishes the avascular cornea and lens
108
Q

What is the vitreous chamber of the eye?

A

It is the posterior 5/6 of the eyeball from the lens to retina

109
Q

What are the properties of vitreous body?

A
  • Transparent
  • Gelatinous substance that fills the vitreous chamber
  • Mainly water and collagen fibers
110
Q

What does the outer layer/tunic of the eye consist of?

A

Cornea: transparent fibrous layer
Sclera: opaque layer of dense CT

111
Q

What does the middle layer of the eye consist of?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

112
Q

Properties of choroid:

A
  • Highly vascular
  • Pigmented
  • Between the sclera and retina
113
Q

Middle layer of the eye is ______ and _____.

A

Vascular; muscular

114
Q

Properties of ciliary body:

A
  • Muscular and vascular

- Connected choroid to iris

115
Q

Identify the structure:

Connects iris to choroid.

A

Ciliary body

116
Q

Properties of iris:

A
  • Muscular and vascular
  • Pigmented
  • Thin
  • Contractile diaphragm
  • Anterior to lens
117
Q

What does the inner layer of the eye consist of?

A
  • Retina
  • Optic disc
  • Macula lutea
118
Q

Inner most layer of the inner layer of the eye is:

A

Retina

119
Q

Properties of the optic disc:

A
  • Oval
  • Depressed area in the back of the eye
  • Optic nerve enters thru it
120
Q

Properties of macula lutea:

A
  • Lateral to the optic disc

- Highest concentration of cone photoreceptors for optimal vision

121
Q

Pathway of light through the refractive media:

A
  • Tear film
  • Cornea
  • Aqueous humor
  • Lens
  • Vitreous body
122
Q

Pathway of light via non-refractive media:

A

Pupil

123
Q

What is the nervous pathway of the pupillary light reflex?

A

Afferent limb: light on retina -> ortic nerve -> brain

Efferent limb: Brainstem -> CN III -> parasympathetic root (Edinger Westphal nucleus) -> ciliary ganglion (synapse) -> Short ciliary nerve -> sphincter pupillae

124
Q

What is the pupillary light reflex?

A

When light hits the eye, the pupil automatically constricts

125
Q

What is the pupillary dark reflex?

A

In the dark, pupils automatically dilate

126
Q

What is the nervous pathway of the pupillary dark reflex?

A

Afferent: absence of light on retina -> optic nerve -> brain

Efferent: brain -> spinal cord -> cervical sympathetic chain -> superior cervical ganglion (synapse) -> internal carotid artery ->

  1. ophthalmic nerve -> nasociliary nerve -> short ciliary nerve -> dilator pupillae muscle
  2. Ophthalmic nerve -> nasociliary nerve -> long ciliary nerve -> dilator pupillae
127
Q

What is the nervous pathway of the corneal touch reflex?

A

Afferent:

  1. touch cornea -> short ciliary nerve -> ciliary ganglion (no synapse) -> nasociliary nerve -> ophthalmic nerve -> trigeminal ganglion -> brainstem
  2. touch cornea -> long ciliary nerve -> nasociliary nerve -> ophthalmic nerve -> trigeminal ganglion -> brainstem

Efferent: Brainstem -> facial nerve -> orbicularis oculi

128
Q

What is the corneal touch reflex?

A

When you touch the cornea, you instinctively blink

H&N Anatomy Quiz 3 (6 decks)

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