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Gastrointestinal > Oral Premalignancy > Flashcards

Oral Premalignancy Flashcards

1
Q

How bad is hookah compared to cigarettes?

A

100× worse

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2
Q

Binge drinking guidelines for men and women

A

Men - 8units/ day

Women - 6 units/ men

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3
Q

What is 1 unit equal to?

A

1/2 a pint of beer
1 shot of vodka
1 glass of wine

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4
Q

What colours of oral mucosa have high risk of Oral Cancer(oc)?

A

White and red

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5
Q

What is the most common type of cancer in mouth?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

State one of the factors that can lead to oropharyngeal cancer.

A

Multiple sexual partners
Increase in age
Oral sex

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7
Q

Which Vitamin deficiencies are associated with oral cancer?

A

Vit A, C and iron

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8
Q

High risk sites in mouth cancer?

A 
Soft (non keratinising sites)
Ventral tongue/ floor of tongue
Lateral tongue(rare in uk)
Dorsal tongue
Hard palate
Buccal mucosa (asia)
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9
Q

What are the pottentially mallignant lesions

in oc?

A 
Erythroplakia
Erythroleukoplakia
Leukoplakia
Erosive lichen plakus
Melanoma
Unstable mouth
Submucous fibrosis
Lichen planus
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10
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

Erythroplakia is defined as a fiery red patch that cannot be characterized either clinically or pathologically as any other definable lesion.
These may appear as smooth, velvety, granular or nodular lesions often with a well-defined margins adjacent to normal looking mucosa.The soft palate, the floor of mouth, the ventral surface of tongue and the retromolar area are the most common sites of involvement

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11
Q

Warning signs for oral cancer?

A 
Red/ white lesion
Ulcer (exclude trauma, drug, systemic)
Numb in the lip or face
Unexplained pain in mouth or neck
Change in voice
Dysphagia
D. Congenita - nail changes
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12
Q

What are the other oro-facial manifestations of oral cancer?

A 
Drooping eye lid or facial palsy
Fracture of mandible
Double vision
Blocked or bleeding from nose
Facial swelling
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13
Q

Relevant Qs to ask

A 
How long has the lesion be there?
Is it painful (usually not painful in early stages)
Do they smoke or drink?
Associated risk factors
What is the colour of the lesion?
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14
Q

Which vit was used to treat leukoplakia?

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

Increased susceptibility to local carcinogens in mouth occurs when:

A

Atrophy of the oral mucosa

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16
Q

Aetiology

A

Tobacco
Alcohol
Diet and nutrition
HPV

17
Q

How many chemical are there in tobacco smoke?

A

4000 more chemical comp

18
Q

Other forms of smoking

A 
Reverse smoking (carribean)
Bidi smoking (india)
Tobacco chewing (asia)
Qat somalia
Water pipe
19
Q

What is hookah?

A

Filtered through water over 60 min
Inhale 100× cf cigarettes
Inhaled deeper, toxins not dissolved in water
Tobacco = 20 cigarettes

20
Q

E-cigarettes

A

Still have nicotine on it which makes it addictive

Less tobacco

21
Q

What is dyskeratosis congentia?

A

Leukoplakia
Nail dystrophy
Increased skin pigmentation

22
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

.

23
Q

What is erythroleukoplakia?

A

.

24
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white patches form on your tongue and the lining of your mouth.
Prevalent in oral cancer
Should be dealt woth promptly

25
Q

What is erosive lichen planus?

A

Erosivelichen planus causes painful and persistent ulcers. Other forms of oral lichen planus may also occur, including white lacy streaks andinflammationand peeling of the gums (desquamative gingivitis).

26
Q

What is submucous fibrosis?

A

.

27
Q

What is sideropenic dysphagia

A

.

28
Q

What would be the likely cause of a large swelling on the face near the parotid surface?

A

Inflammation
Blocked ducts leading to infection, inflammation and pus
Malignant or benign tumour

29
Q

What structures could be affected due to huge swelling on the parotid surface of the face?

A 
Parotid glands
Parotid lymph nodes
Facial nerve
Masseter muscle
External carotid artery
30
Q

What investigations would you do for a masdive growth on the parotid surface?

A

Fine needle aspiration
Biopsy
MRI scan
Sialogram

31
Q

What is the most common tumour of parotid gland and one of the main ones of the sub-mandible?

A

Benign-mixed tumours

Slow growing, asymptomatic, cells lose acinar appearance

32
Q

What is the best investigation for a blocked salivary duct?

A

Sialogram (uses X-rays)

33
Q

What is the most common cause of apthous ulcers?

A

Vitamin B-12 deficiency, folate amd iron deficiency

34
Q

What are the signs of Vit B12 deficiency?

A

Apthous ulcers
Weakness
Pale skin
Smooth tongue

35
Q

What would happen if a cancer evades a muscle in the oral cavity?

A

The muscle would be weakened amd therefore the tongue would be deviated to that side

Gastrointestinal (13 decks)

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