Oral Premalignancy Flashcards
How bad is hookah compared to cigarettes?
100× worse
Binge drinking guidelines for men and women
Men - 8units/ day
Women - 6 units/ men
What is 1 unit equal to?
1/2 a pint of beer
1 shot of vodka
1 glass of wine
What colours of oral mucosa have high risk of Oral Cancer(oc)?
White and red
What is the most common type of cancer in mouth?
Squamous cell carcinoma
State one of the factors that can lead to oropharyngeal cancer.
Multiple sexual partners
Increase in age
Oral sex
Which Vitamin deficiencies are associated with oral cancer?
Vit A, C and iron
High risk sites in mouth cancer?
Soft (non keratinising sites) Ventral tongue/ floor of tongue Lateral tongue(rare in uk) Dorsal tongue Hard palate Buccal mucosa (asia)
What are the pottentially mallignant lesions
in oc?
Erythroplakia Erythroleukoplakia Leukoplakia Erosive lichen plakus Melanoma Unstable mouth Submucous fibrosis Lichen planus
What is erythroplakia?
Erythroplakia is defined as a fiery red patch that cannot be characterized either clinically or pathologically as any other definable lesion.
These may appear as smooth, velvety, granular or nodular lesions often with a well-defined margins adjacent to normal looking mucosa.The soft palate, the floor of mouth, the ventral surface of tongue and the retromolar area are the most common sites of involvement
Warning signs for oral cancer?
Red/ white lesion Ulcer (exclude trauma, drug, systemic) Numb in the lip or face Unexplained pain in mouth or neck Change in voice Dysphagia D. Congenita - nail changes
What are the other oro-facial manifestations of oral cancer?
Drooping eye lid or facial palsy Fracture of mandible Double vision Blocked or bleeding from nose Facial swelling
Relevant Qs to ask
How long has the lesion be there? Is it painful (usually not painful in early stages) Do they smoke or drink? Associated risk factors What is the colour of the lesion?
Which vit was used to treat leukoplakia?
Vitamin K
Increased susceptibility to local carcinogens in mouth occurs when:
Atrophy of the oral mucosa
Aetiology
Tobacco
Alcohol
Diet and nutrition
HPV
How many chemical are there in tobacco smoke?
4000 more chemical comp
Other forms of smoking
Reverse smoking (carribean) Bidi smoking (india) Tobacco chewing (asia) Qat somalia Water pipe
What is hookah?
Filtered through water over 60 min
Inhale 100× cf cigarettes
Inhaled deeper, toxins not dissolved in water
Tobacco = 20 cigarettes
E-cigarettes
Still have nicotine on it which makes it addictive
Less tobacco
What is dyskeratosis congentia?
Leukoplakia
Nail dystrophy
Increased skin pigmentation
What is erythroplakia?
.
What is erythroleukoplakia?
.
What is leukoplakia?
Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white patches form on your tongue and the lining of your mouth.
Prevalent in oral cancer
Should be dealt woth promptly
What is erosive lichen planus?
Erosivelichen planus causes painful and persistent ulcers. Other forms of oral lichen planus may also occur, including white lacy streaks andinflammationand peeling of the gums (desquamative gingivitis).
What is submucous fibrosis?
.
What is sideropenic dysphagia
.
What would be the likely cause of a large swelling on the face near the parotid surface?
Inflammation
Blocked ducts leading to infection, inflammation and pus
Malignant or benign tumour
What structures could be affected due to huge swelling on the parotid surface of the face?
Parotid glands Parotid lymph nodes Facial nerve Masseter muscle External carotid artery
What investigations would you do for a masdive growth on the parotid surface?
Fine needle aspiration
Biopsy
MRI scan
Sialogram
What is the most common tumour of parotid gland and one of the main ones of the sub-mandible?
Benign-mixed tumours
Slow growing, asymptomatic, cells lose acinar appearance
What is the best investigation for a blocked salivary duct?
Sialogram (uses X-rays)
What is the most common cause of apthous ulcers?
Vitamin B-12 deficiency, folate amd iron deficiency
What are the signs of Vit B12 deficiency?
Apthous ulcers
Weakness
Pale skin
Smooth tongue
What would happen if a cancer evades a muscle in the oral cavity?
The muscle would be weakened amd therefore the tongue would be deviated to that side
