Oral Pathology Flashcards
A lesion that is less than 5mm and contains serum/mucin is a…
Vesicle
A lesion that is larger than 5mm and contains serum/mucin is a…
Bulla
A lesion that contains yellow pus is a…
Pustule
A lesion that is less than 5mm and contains tissue is a…
Papule
A lesion that is larger than 5mm and contains tissue is a…
Nodule
A lesion that is a flattened skin patch that is altered in color is a…
Macule
A lesion that is slightly raised (non-blister-form) with a broad flat top is a…
Plaque
A lesion that has attachment larger than the top is a…
Sessile
A lesion that has attachment smaller than the top is a…
Pedunculated
Fordyce Granule Location:
lips & buccal mucosa
Fordyce Granule Appearance:
tiny yellow lobules
Fordyce granules are clusters of…
ectopic sebaceous (oil) glands
Torus Palatinus Location:
midline of the hard palate
Mandibular Tori Location:
(usually bilaterally) lingual aspect of the mandible in the area of the premolars
Torus/Tori Appearance:
overgrowth of compact bone
Torus/Tori Radiographic Appearance:
radiopaque mass
Melanin Pigmentation Location:
gingiva & labial mucosa
Lingual Varicosity Appearance:
purple/blue enlarged vessels
Lingual Varicosity Location:
ventral & lateral surfaces of the tongue
Lingual Varicosity Common Patient Type:
elderly
Linea Alba Location:
buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane
Linea Alba Appearance:
white horizontal line
Leukoedema Appearance:
grap opalescence
Leukoedema Location:
oral tissues, especially buccal mucosa
Leukoedema _ when the tissue is stretched.
disappears
Leukoedema Common Patient Type:
black adults & smokers
Lingual Thyroid Nodule Location:
the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue, posterior to the circumvallate papillae
Amalgam Tattoo Appearance:
flat, blue/gray lesion
What is the most common pigmentation in the oral cavity?
Amalgam Tattoo
Exostosis Appearance:
overgrowth of compact bone
Exostosis Location:
buccal aspect of the maxilla/mandible
Define Neoplasia:
new growth
Define Tumor:
swelling
Tumor Suffix:
-oma
Tumor of Fat =
lipoma
Tumor of Salivary Glands =
adenoma
Tumor of Bones =
osteoma
Tumor of Muscles =
rhabdomyoma
Tumor of Squamous Epithelium =
papilloma
Tumor of Epithelium =
carcinoma
Tumor of Connective Tissue =
sarcoma
Tumor of Melanocytes =
melanoma
What are the malignant tumors?
sarcoma, melanoma, carcinoma (SAME CAR)
What is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Appearance:
red & white speckled
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Location:
soft tissues (ventolateral tongue, floor of the mouth, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, retromolar areas)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors:
alcohol & tobacco
Verrucous Carcinoma Appearance:
pebbly white/red, cauliflower-like
Verrucous Carcinoma Risk Factors:
HPV, smoking
Basal Cell Carcinoma Appearance:
ulcers with rolled borders
Basal Cell Carcinoma Location:
skin, NOT inside the mouth
Basal Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors:
sun exposure
Melanoma Appearance:
pigmented (blue/black) with irregular borders
Osteosarcoma Radiographic Appearance:
sunburst like
Osteosarcoma Common Patient Type:
teens & elderly
Papilloma Appearance:
white & cauliflower-like
Ameloblastoma Radiographic Appearance:
soap bubble/honeycomb radiolucencies
Ameloblastoma Appearance:
expansion of the bone
Ameloblastoma Location:
ramus
Lipoma Appearace:
yellow mass (fat)
Lipoma Location:
buccal mucosa & vestibule
Where are neurofibromas and schwannomas derived from?
the nerve
Neurofibromas/Schwannomas Appearance:
papules on the skin with cafe au lait pigmentation prior to development
Neurofibromas/Schwannomas Location:
tongue, hands, skin
What genetic disorder causes neurofibroma?
von recklinghausen’s disease
Melanocytic Nevus Appearance:
dark macule or papule (moles)
Melanocytic Nevus Location:
hard palate, buccal mucosa
Define Leukoplakia:
white plaque-like lesions of the oral mucosa
Define Erythroplakia:
red patches
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Appearance:
small pink bulge at apicies #8/#9
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
radiolucent heart shape
Nasopalatine Canal Cyst Location:
nasopalatine canal
Median Palatine Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
well-defined unilocular radiolucency
Median Palatine Cyst Location:
midline of the hard palate
Globulomaxillary Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
well-defined pear shaped radiolucency
Globulomaxillary Cyst Location:
between the roots of the maxillary lateral and canine
Static Bone Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
well0defined radiolucency
Static Bone Cyst Location:
posterior region of the mandible, inferior to the mandibular canal
Simple/Traumatic Bone Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
well-defined radiolucency with scalloping around the roots
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Radiographic Appearance:
radiolucent honeycomb/soap bubbles
Cherubism is a _ condition, affecting those _ 20 y/o..
hereditary, under
Cherubism Appearance:
bilateral mandibular/maxillary expansion
How does cherubism effect eruption?
premature loss of primary and non-eruption of permanent
Fibrous Dysplasia Appearance:
cafe au lait spots
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Location:
skull, clavicles, long bones
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Appearance:
enlargement
Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Appearance:
ground glass radiopacities
Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Location:
maxilla
Paget Disease Symptoms:
pain, ill-fitting dentures
Paget Disease Appearance:
cotton-wool radiopacities
Thalassemia Radiographic Appearance:
salt & pepper effect
Multiple Myeloma Location:
bone marrow
Multiple Myeloma Radiographic Appearance:
radiolucent punched out pattern
Aspirin Burn Appearance:
white sloughing
Apthous Ulcer Location:
moveable parts
Minor Apthous Ulcer Size:
less than 1cm
Major Apthous Ulcer Size:
greater than 1cm
Apthous Ulcer Appearance:
yellow with a red border
Frictional Keratosis Appearance:
white
Irritation Fibroma Appearance:
small elevated light lesion
Irritation Fibroma Location:
buccal mucosa
Irritation Fibroma Common Cause:
cheek biting
Solar Cheilitis Common Patient Type:
fair skinned individuals
Solar Cheilitis Location:
lower lip & vermillion borders
Solar Cheilitis Appearance:
pale, crusted, fissured mucosa
Pyogenic Granuloma Common Patient Type:
pregnant women (can be men/non-preg too)
Pyogenic Granuloma Appearance:
raised soft red/purple lesion that bleeds easily
Pyogenic Granuloma Location:
gingiva
Erythema Multiforme Appearance & Location:
target/bullseye skin lesions, ulcers on tongue, crusty lips
Lichen Planus Appearance:
white lacy lines (wickhams striae)
Lichen Planus Location:
buccal mucosa
Hematoma Appearance:
dark in color
Mucocele/Ranula Appearance:
bluish dome-like, soft, movable
Mucocele Location & Size:
lower lip or palate, under 1.5 cm
Ranula Location & Size:
floor of the mouth, over 1.5 cm
Define Sialolith:
stone in the salivary glands
Sialolith Common Location:
submandibular glands
Sjogren’s Syndrome Effects:
dry mouth & eyes, high caries risk
Median Rhomboid Glossitis Appearance:
smooth red rhomboid
Median Rhomboid Glossitis Appearance:
midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue
Geographic Tongue Appearance:
red patches with a yellow border
Geographic Tongue Location:
dorsal & lateral surfaces of the tongue
Hairy Tongue Appearance:
dark staining of papillae
Hairy Tongue Cause:
poor oral hygiene
Ankyloglossia Appearance:
tongue tie
Ankyloglossia “Fix”:
frenectomy
Ankyloglossia Can Cause:
speech issues, recession, bone loss
Fissured Tongue Appearance:
cracked & dry dorsol surface
Hairy leukoplakia are caused by the…
epstein-barr virus (EBV)
Hairy Leukoplakia Appearance:
white patches/folds
Candidiasis is common in…
immunodeficient patients.
Candidiasis _ be wiped off.
can
Kaposi Sarcoma Appearance:
red/purple lesion
Kaposi Sarcoma Location:
palate & gingiva
Kaposi sarcoma is caused by…
human herpes virus
Herpes Appearance:
tiny vesicles
Herpes Location:
keratinized mucosa fixed to bone
Linear Gingival Erythema Appearance:
2-3mm gingival margin band
Linear gingival erythema _ associated with plaque.
is not
Nicotine Stomatitis Appearance:
opalescent surface with raised red dots
Nicotine Stomatitis Location:
Hard Palate
Tobacco Pouch Keratosis Location:
mucobuccal fold
Smokers Melanosis Appearance:
dark pigmentation
Smokers Melanosis Location:
anterior labial gingiva
Epulis Fissuratum Location:
vestibule
Epulis Fissuratum Appearance:
hyperplasia folds
Papillary Hyperplasia of the Palate Appearance:
cobblestone-like
Papillary Hyperplasia of the Palate Location:
palatal vault
Denture Stomatitis Location:
palate & maxillary alveolar ridge
Periapical/Radicular Cyst: Symptomatic? Vital?
no & no
Periapical/Radicular Cyst Appearance:
radiolucency around the apex of the tooth/site
What is the most common oral cyst?
Periapical/Radicular Cyst
A periapical abcess is a pocket of _.
pus
Periapical Abcess: Pain?
yes, severe
Periapical Abcess Appearance:
slightly extruded, radiolucent at apex
Periapical Granuloma: Symptomatic? Vital?
no symptoms, non-vital
Periapical Granuloma Appearance:
radiolucency at apex
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis Cause:
low grade infection (perio, caries, etc.)
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis Appearance:
radiopaque area extending below the root to the bone
What is the most common dental radiopacity?
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
Alverolar Osteitis AKA:
dry socket
Dentigerous Cyst Location:
crown of impacted mand. 3rd
Dentigerous Cyst Appearance:
radiolucency around impacted crown
Eruption Cyst Appearance:
blue/green soft tissue layer
Eruption Cyst Location:
crown of eruption (first molars & incisors especially)
Primordial cysts develop in place of _.
a tooth
Primordial Cyst (common) Location:
third molars
Primordial Cyst: Symptomatic?
no
Pulpitis Appearance:
protruding pink pulpal tissue from crown
Pulpitis: Symptomatic?
no
Regional Odontoplasia Radiographic Appearance:
ghost-like teeth
Odontogenic keratocysts arise from the _.
dental lamina
Odontogenic Keratocyst Radiographic Appearance:
radiolucent
Odontogenic keratocysts are associated with _ syndrome.
Gorlin
Lateral Periodontal Cyst Location:
lateral aspect of root (mand. canine/pre’s most common)
Lateral Periodontal Cyst Appearance:
swelling bulge in gingiva
Define Compound Odontoma:
numerous small teeth in a radiolucent bubble
Define Complex Odontoma:
mass of tooth structure that does not resemble a tooth in the posterior mandible in radiolucent halo
Define Pericorinitis:
inflammation/infection of tissue covering during eruption
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Appearance:
butterfly rash over the nose/cheeks
Behcet Syndrome Appearance:
oral/genital ulcers & ocular inflammation
Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome Appearance:
palmar/plantar hyperkeratosis
Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome Dental Effect:
all permanent teeth are lost before 14 y/o
Gardner Syndrome Dental Appearance:
eruption failure & hypercementosis
Gardner Syndrome Relation:
intestinal polyps
Impetigo is caused by _ & seen in _.
bacteria, young children
Strep Throat Bacteria:
streptococcus pyogenes
Strep Throat Oral Manifestation:
petechiae on soft palate & strawberry tongue
Syphilis Bacteria:
treponema pallidum
Syphillis Stage 1: Name? Infectious?
chancre, highly
Syphillis Stage 2: Name? Infectious?
mucous patches, the most
Syphillis Stage 3: Name? Infectious?
gumma, no
Dental Findings in Congenital Syphilis:
hutchinson incisors, mulberry molars
Verruca Vulgaris Cause:
human papilloma virus
Verruca Vulgaris Appearance:
white papillary exophytic lesion
Condyloma acuminatum is spread through _.
sexual contact
Condyloma Acuminatum Appearance:
pink finger like projections
Condyloma Acuminatum Location:
soft tissues
What virus causes chicken pox & shingles?
varicella-zoster virus
Chicken Pox/Shingles Appearance:
unilateral painful vesicles
Chicken pox/shingles commonly occurs in _ then remains _.
children, inactive
Herpangina/Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Virus:
coxsackie virus
Common occlusion findings in patients with down syndrome…
class III malocclusion, open bite
Common oral findings in patients with down syndrome…
fissured tongue, macoglossia, microdontia, missing teeth, delayed development
Patients with down syndrome are at a higher risk for _ but a lower risk for _.
periodontal disease, caries
Cyclic neutopenia leades to _ and _ over time.
periodontal disease, ulceration
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome AKA:
dwarfism
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome Oral Findings:
fusion of upper lip/anterior gingiva, polydactyly & natal teeth
Cleidocranial dysplasia is characterized by…
supernumerary teeth (3rd dentition) and psudo anodontia
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Appearance:
fish-like
Patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis commonly experience _.
deafness
Mevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Appearance:
multiple cysts of the jaw, brown skin pigmentation
