Microbiology Flashcards
What does microbiology study?
fungi, bacteria, algae, prions, protists, protozoa, and viruses
Do viruses require a host?
yes
Do bacteria have a nucleus?
no
Do fungi have a nucleus?
yes, they are eukaryotic organisms
Plaque is mineralized or nonmineralized
nonmineralized
Microorganisms produce a gel like matrix called a ___
Slime layer
What does the slime layer protect the microbial colony from?
antibiotics, antimicrobials, and the body’s immune system
calculus is mineralized or nonmineralized
mineralized
70-90% of calculus is composed of what material?
inorganic material (calcium and phosphate)
ALL calculus is covered by___
plaque
material alba consists of?
bacteria, food debris, and other organic/inorganic materials
Steps in the formation of dental plaque
pellicles formation, initial attachment of bacteria, formation of bacterial microcolonies, and maturation of bacterial microcolonies
Within the first 2 days of plaque accumulation what bacteria are present?
G+ Cocci
After 14-21 days of plaque accumulation what will you see clinically?
gingivitis
If you have innocuous bacteria what does that mean
bacteria are NOT harmful
Are G+ or G- bacteria more harmful?
G-
If you conduct are crystal violet stain and it stains purple what type of bacteria are present?
G+
G+ bacteria are capable of releasing…
exotoxin (G- produce both exo and endotoxin)
What type of bacteria can survive with or without oxygen?
Facultative anaerobic bacteria
Is bacteria transmissible?
YES, therefore caries and perio disease are transmissible
What are the components of caries formation?
fermentable carbs, bacteria, and tooth surface
Which bacteria are mainly responsible for caries formation?
S. Mutans
Which bacteria are more active in the progression of caries?
Lactobacillus
pH for enamel demin
5.5
pH for root demin
6.2-6.7
What bacteria are present in supragingival biofilm?
G+ aerobic bacteria
How are HIV, HBV, and HCV transmitted?
through blood/ blood products
Where are antibodies produced?
tonsils and thymus
a ____ is any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies.
antigen
A____ is a protein that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.
antibody
Cells that can ingest and digest microorganisms.
phagocytes
When these are located in tissues they are called___ and when they are located in bloodstream theyre called___.
macrophages; monocyte
most common antibody
igG
antibody that lines body surfaces and is found in saliva, tears, etc.
igA
infection antibody
IgM
allergy antibody
igE
Prostaglandins play an important role in?
bone destruction
immunity that is present at birth
innate immunity
if you contract the flu then are immune to it what type of immunity is that?
natural active
if you get the Heb. B vaccination what type of immunity do you have?
artificial active
If you prick your finger with a contaminated needle and get a Hep. B immunoglobulin injection, what type of immunity is that?
Artificial Passive
antibodies passed on from one person to another is what immunity?
Natural Passive
5 signs of inflammation are?
heat, red, swollen, pain, and loss of function
asthma and anaphylatic attacks are examples of what type of hypersensitivity?
type 1 (immediate)
When cells within the body are destroyed by antibodies this is what type of hypersensitivity?
Type 2 (antibody mediated)
When tissue damage occurs from the activation of the completement system this is what type of hypersensitivity?
Type 3 (immune complex)
contact dermatitis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?
Type 4 ( cell mediated/ delayed)
minimal scaring is..
Healing by primary intention
edges of injury are not joined..
Healing by secondary intention
healing site becomes infected..
Healing by tertiary intention
