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NBDHE May 2022 > Oral Pathology > Flashcards

Oral Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

.

painful ulcers of nonkeratinized mucosa

red halo boarder

heals in 1-2 weeks

minor ⇒ <1cm, 7-10 days to heal

major ⇒>1cm, several weeks to heal; common with immunodeficient conditions

A

Aphthous Ulcers

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2
Q

.

  • benign
  • red/purple lesions that easily bleed
  • max ant facial most common
  • tx: surgical excision with biopsy
A

Pyogenic Granuloma

AKA Pregnancy Tumor

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3
Q

.

target, iris, or bulls eye type lesion

onset is explosive

minor ⇒secondary heres simplex hypersensitivity

severe*⇒steven-johnson syndrome

A

Erythema Multiforme

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4
Q

.

benign

Wickhams Striae - white lines

most common on buccal mucosa

A

Lichen Planus

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5
Q

.

Extremely common malignancy

can metastasize to lymph nodes

alcohol and tobacco are predisposing factors

tx: surgical excision and/or radiation therapy

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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6
Q

.

Malignant

Most common skin cancer

chronic ulcers with rolled boarders

caused by chronic sunday exposure

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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7
Q

.

Malignant

3rd most common skin cancer, but most fatal

lesions blue-black and >6mm

A

Melanoma

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8
Q

.

Premalignant

grey-white

idiopathic

doesnt wipe off

tx: biopsy and exercise

A

Leukoplakia

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9
Q

.

Benign

Cauliflower or wart-like appearance*

white due to keratin

similar appearance to verruca vulgaris

A

Papilloma

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10
Q

.

dark staining of keratin on filiform papillae due to tobacco and/or alcohol

asymptomatic

benign

tx: eliminate predisposing factors, maintain oral hygiene

A

Hairy tongue

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11
Q

.

atrophy of filiform papillae

AKA benign migratory glossitis

can cause a burning sensation

no tx indicated

A

Geographic Tongue

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12
Q

.

flat and erythematous

midline of dorsal tongue

loss of filiform papillae

no tx

A

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

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13
Q

.

Salivary Stones mainly affect submandibular gland

tx: milking the duct, moist heat, increase fluid intake

A

Sialolith

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14
Q

.

chronic sialolith/trauma on floor of mouth

larger than mucocele

movable, blueish

tx: allow to heal or surgery if necessary

A

Ranula

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15
Q

.

  • on lower lip, caused by trauma
  • large, but smaller than ranula
  • blue, pink if deeper
  • tx: surgery if needed
A

Mucocele

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16
Q

.

  • Associated with immunodeficiency
  • white lesion, can be wiped off
  • red, atrophic, on mucosal area
  • asymptomatic
  • tx: antifungal
A

Candidiasis

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17
Q

.

  • autoimmune disease causing blistering of skin
  • fragile and painful
  • pacantholysis: blister separating epithelial cells
  • nikolskys sign: cleavage by gentle finger pressure
A

Pemphigus Vulgarism

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18
Q

.

tongue tied due to adhesion of tongue to floor of mouth

short, thick lingual frenum

A

Ankyloglossia

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19
Q

.

benign lesion on hard palate due to heat from tobacco smoke

completely reversible

A

Nicotine Stomatitis

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20
Q

.

Associated with denture stomatitis

  • red mucosa with pebbly appearance
  • asymptomatic
    • tx: remove denture nightly, antifungals
A

Papillary Hyperplasia

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21
Q

.

inflammatory hyperplasia

caused by ill fitting prosthetics

tx: surgical removal, remake prosthetic

A

Epulis Fissuratum

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22
Q

.

  • lesions on keratinized mucosa fixed to bone
  • symptoms ⇒ burning, tingling, pain
  • lesions disappear in 1-2 days without scarring
  • HSV 1 ⇒ oral, triggered by stress
  • HSV 2 ⇒ genital
    • Herpetic Whitlow ⇒ infection of fingers
A

Herpes

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23
Q

.

Inflamed gingiva in teeth with large carious lesions

asymptomatic

tx: extraction, root canal

A

Pulpitis

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24
Q

.

Chickenpox (bilateral)

Shingles (unilateral)

A

Varicella-Zoster

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25
# . Coxsacie Virus ## Footnote red, ulcerated macules tx: symptomatic relief
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
26
# . blue-grey lesion from amalgam left in tissue radiographic diagnosis \*most common oral pigmented lesion
Amalgam Tattoo
27
# . purple/blue enlarged vessels ventral and lateral boarders of tongue in adults/elders
Lingual Varicosity
28
# . Clusters of sebaceous glands on lips and buccal mucosa yellow-white in \>80% of adults
Fordyce Granules
29
# . AKA Downs Syndrome * fissured tongue * macroglossia * taurodontism * periodontal disease * microdontia * hypodontia * hypersalivation * delayed exfoliation
Trisomy 21 Oral Manifestations
30
# . grey-milky opalescent appearance of mucosa disappears when tissues are stretched common in African American adults and smokers idiopathic
Leukodema
31
# . white line of hyperkeratosis on buccal mucosa * associated with parafunctional habits * no treatment needed
Linea Alba
32
# . Cancer of lymph/blood vessles caused by AIDS blue-purple macule tumors on palate/gingiva/skin
Kaposi's Sarcoma
33
# . 2-3mm marginal line of redness * due to lack of response to oral self care and/or periodontal therapy * tx: * chlorohexadine gluconate 0.12 * antibiotics * antiretroviral therapy * antifungal therapy
Linear Gingival Erythema
34
# . produces hormones in kidney Cortex: cortisol, aldosterone, androgenic steroids Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal Gland
35
# . idiopathic freckle may be syndrome associated
Melanotic Macule
36
# . AKA thyroid storm Causes: graves disease, thyroid issues tx: radioactive iodine, methimazole, propylthiouracil, surgery
Hyperthyroidism
37
# . * Adults: thickened lips, enlarged tongue * Children: failure of eruption of permanent dentition * Causes: autoimmune disease, radioactive treatment * tx: levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism
38
# . Anatomical location Boarder Colour Dimension Type
Nomenclature to Describe Lesions | (ABCD+T)
39
# . caused by Paramyxovirus * parotid gland enlargement * pain when chewing * palliative tx
Mumps
40
# . most common benign salivary tumor * epithelial and connective tissue * parotid gland, palate * painless * tx: surgical excision, excellent prognosis
Mixed Tumor | (Pleomorphic Adenoma)
41
# . Tumor containing lymphoid tissue * 2nd most common parotid gland tumor * bilateral * older men * tx: surgical excision
Warthins Tumor
42
# . Butterfly Rash women more effected lesions are ulcerated, erythematous, white center
Lupus
43
# . abnormal gingival growth caused by phenytoin, nifedipine, cyclosporin tx: gingivectomy, discontinue medication, review oral health instruction
Gingival Hyperplasia
44
# . Common tumor-like growth * reactive lesion caused by local irritation/trauma * mandibular * mostly in females 21-41y/o * tx: surgery, scaling to remove irritation
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
45
# . Strong association with geographic tongue grooves in tongue benign, asymptomatic, idiopathic no tx indicated
Fissured Tongue
46
# . Type 1 * Insulin dependant * Juvenile onset * hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis * exogenous insulin injections Type 2 * Non-insulin dependant * adult onset * hyperglycemia * tx: oral medications, insulin
Diabetes Type 1 vs Type 2
47
# . Generally Type 1 * periodontal disease * xerostomia * enlargement/erythema of gingiva * glossitis * candidiasis
Diabetes Oral Manifestations
48
# . Cushing Syndrome ("Fat so fall is cushioned") * causes⇒ tumor, corticosteroid therapy * reversible clinical feautures (buffalo hump, moon face) * tx: surgical removal, radiation therapy, corticosteroid-sparing agents
Hypercorticism
49
# . Addisons Disease ("addison is skinny") * low cortisol levels * weight loss, weakness, hypotension * patchy, brown, macular pigmentation in oral cavity * tx: prednisone (corticosteroid)
Hypoadrenocorticism
50
# . secretes hormones regulating growth and development * T3 and T4 hormones regulate breathing, heart rate, CNS, PNS, muscle strength, menstrual cycles, body temperature, metabolism,, brain development
Thyroid Gland
51
# . * Nevus: mole or birthmark * benign tumor of melanocytes * on hard palate, buccal mucosa * genetic predisposition
Melanocytic Nevus
52
# . benign tumor of mature fat cells * yellow mass on buccal mucosa and vestibule
Lipoma
53
# . hyperkeratosis of epithelium caused by friction against tissue * white * nonmalignant * resembles leukoplakia (monitor)
Frictional Keratosis
54
# . most common tumor in oral cavity reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue along bite lines, smooth surfaces asymptomatic
Fibroma
55
# . Malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue Sunburst pattern teens and elders effected
Osteosarcoma
56
# . white necrotic tissue that may slough off * painful * caused by aspirin tablet placed on gingiva instead of swallowing * heals in 7-10 days spontaneously
Aspirin Burn
57
# . hereditary condition * bone in mandible replaced by excessive fibrous tissue * under age 20 * bilateral expansion of max and mand * premature loss of primary teeth, non-eruption of permanent teeth
Cherubism
58
# . pre-cancerous, related to sunday exposure fair-skinned individuals lower lip and vermillion boarder most affected
Solar (actinic) Cheilitis
59
# . diffuse, painless, thick plaque * slow growing * leukoplakia, tobacco pouch keratosis * tobacco and HPV are predisposing factors * metastasis is extremely rare
Verrucous Carcinoma
60
# . Smokeless tobacco keratosis * stretched mucosa appears fissured * thin grey-white translucent plaque * severity correlates with quantity of daily use
Snuff Dippers Lesion
61
# . Most common salivary gland malignancy\* * most common in parotid gland\* * 20-70y/o * prognosis depends on size of lesion * low - rarely metastasizes * high - frequently metastasizes
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
62
# . Dark Pigmentation caused by stimulation of melanin production Caused by cigarette smoke * anterior labial gingiva most common
Smokers Melanosis
63
# . Raised flat area most commonly on muccobuccal fold can disappear in absence of tobacco may metastasize
Tobacco Pouch Keratosis
64
# . Hairy Leukoplakia * white patches that resemble folds, doesn't wipe off * usually not malignant * cancer “Kaposi's Sarcoma”
Epstein-Barr Virus
65
# . Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis * due to irritation from oral appliances * tx: remove and clean prosthetics at night, re-size if needed
Denture Stomatitis
66
# . highly contagious skin infection * Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus Pyogenes * vesicles resemble herpes * young children * fever does not occur
Impetigo
67
# . inflammation and infection between tooth and gingiva erupting 8's is most common location
Pericoronitis
68
# . \*huchinsons incisors and mulberry molars * caused by Treponema Pallidum * sexual transmission * chancre: primary stage, highly infectious * mucous patch: secondary stage (apx. 6 weeks after chancre), most infectious stage * gumma: non-infectious third stage
Syphillis
69
# . Verruca Vulgaris * warts transmitted through direct contact * white, papillary, exophytic lesion Condyloma acuminatum * benign, pink lesion, papillary projections * sexually transmitted
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
70
# . overgrowth of compact bone on buccal of max/mand * no tx * asymptomatic
Exostosis
71
# . accumulation of blood in tissue due to trauma dark in colour
Hematoma
72
# . tissues entrapped in tongue mass on midline, posterior to circumvallate papillae
Lingual Thyroid Nodule
73
# . inherited disorder with frequent decrease in neutrophils (2-3days) * periodontal disease and ulcerations * treatment only when neutrophil count is normal
Cyclic Neutropenia
74
# . Inherited disorder resulting in dwarfism * polydactyly, hyperplastic nails * fusion of gingiva from max anteriors * lack of incisors, have single tooth in center * natal teeth
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome
75
# Reversed Aphthous Ulcers
painful ulcers of nonkeratinized mucosa red halo boarder heals in 1-2 weeks minor ⇒ \<1cm, 7-10 days to heal major ⇒\>1cm, several weeks to heal; common with immunodeficient conditions
76
# Reversed Pyogenic Granuloma
AKA Pregnancy Tumor * benign * red/purple lesions that easily bleed * max ant facial most common * tx: surgical excision with biopsy
77
# Reversed Erythema Multiforme
target, iris, or bulls eye type lesion onset is explosive minor ⇒secondary heres simplex hypersensitivity severe\*⇒steven-johnson syndrome
78
# Reversed Lichen Planus
benign ## Footnote Wickhams Striae - white lines most common on buccal mucosa
79
# Reversed Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Extremely common malignancy can metastasize to lymph nodes alcohol and tobacco are predisposing factors tx: surgical excision and/or radiation therapy
80
# Reversed Basal Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Most common skin cancer chronic ulcers with rolled boarders caused by chronic sunday exposure
81
# Reversed Melanoma
Malignant 3rd most common skin cancer, but most fatal lesions blue-black and \>6mm
82
# Reversed Leukoplakia
Premalignant grey-white idiopathic doesnt wipe off tx: biopsy and exercise
83
# Reversed Papilloma
Benign Cauliflower or wart-like appearance\* white due to keratin similar appearance to verruca vulgaris
84
# Reversed Hairy tongue
dark staining of keratin on filiform papillae due to tobacco and/or alcohol asymptomatic benign tx: eliminate predisposing factors, maintain oral hygiene
85
# Reversed Geographic Tongue
atrophy of filiform papillae AKA benign migratory glossitis can cause a burning sensation no tx indicated
86
# Reversed Median Rhomboid Glossitis
flat and erythematous midline of dorsal tongue loss of filiform papillae no tx
87
# Reversed Sialolith
Salivary Stones mainly affect submandibular gland tx: milking the duct, moist heat, increase fluid intake
88
# Reversed Ranula
chronic sialolith/trauma on floor of mouth larger than mucocele movable, blueish tx: allow to heal or surgery if necessary
89
# Reversed Mucocele
* on lower lip, caused by trauma * large, but smaller than ranula * blue, pink if deeper * tx: surgery if needed
90
# Reversed Candidiasis
* Associated with immunodeficiency * white lesion, can be wiped off * red, atrophic, on mucosal area * asymptomatic * tx: antifungal
91
# Reversed Pemphigus Vulgarism
* autoimmune disease causing blistering of skin * fragile and painful * pacantholysis: blister separating epithelial cells * nikolskys sign: cleavage by gentle finger pressure
92
# Reversed Ankyloglossia
tongue tied due to adhesion of tongue to floor of mouth short, thick lingual frenum
93
# Reversed Nicotine Stomatitis
benign lesion on hard palate due to heat from tobacco smoke completely reversible
94
# Reversed Papillary Hyperplasia
Associated with denture stomatitis * red mucosa with pebbly appearance * asymptomatic * tx: remove denture nightly, antifungals
95
# Reversed Epulis Fissuratum
inflammatory hyperplasia caused by ill fitting prosthetics tx: surgical removal, remake prosthetic
96
# Reversed Herpes
* lesions on keratinized mucosa fixed to bone * symptoms ⇒ burning, tingling, pain * lesions disappear in 1-2 days without scarring * HSV 1 ⇒ oral, triggered by stress * HSV 2 ⇒ genital * Herpetic Whitlow ⇒ infection of fingers
97
# Reversed Pulpitis
Inflamed gingiva in teeth with large carious lesions asymptomatic tx: extraction, root canal
98
# Reversed Varicella-Zoster
Chickenpox (bilateral) Shingles (unilateral)
99
# Reversed Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Coxsacie Virus ## Footnote red, ulcerated macules tx: symptomatic relief
100
# Reversed Amalgam Tattoo
blue-grey lesion from amalgam left in tissue radiographic diagnosis \*most common oral pigmented lesion
101
# Reversed Lingual Varicosity
purple/blue enlarged vessels ventral and lateral boarders of tongue in adults/elders
102
# Reversed Fordyce Granules
Clusters of sebaceous glands on lips and buccal mucosa yellow-white in \>80% of adults
103
# Reversed Trisomy 21 Oral Manifestations
AKA Downs Syndrome * fissured tongue * macroglossia * taurodontism * periodontal disease * microdontia * hypodontia * hypersalivation * delayed exfoliation
104
# Reversed Leukodema
grey-milky opalescent appearance of mucosa disappears when tissues are stretched common in African American adults and smokers idiopathic
105
# Reversed Linea Alba
white line of hyperkeratosis on buccal mucosa * associated with parafunctional habits * no treatment needed
106
# Reversed Kaposi's Sarcoma
Cancer of lymph/blood vessles caused by AIDS blue-purple macule tumors on palate/gingiva/skin
107
# Reversed Linear Gingival Erythema
2-3mm marginal line of redness * due to lack of response to oral self care and/or periodontal therapy * tx: * chlorohexadine gluconate 0.12 * antibiotics * antiretroviral therapy * antifungal therapy
108
# Reversed Adrenal Gland
produces hormones in kidney Cortex: cortisol, aldosterone, androgenic steroids Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
109
# Reversed Melanotic Macule
idiopathic freckle may be syndrome associated
110
# Reversed Hyperthyroidism
AKA thyroid storm Causes: graves disease, thyroid issues tx: radioactive iodine, methimazole, propylthiouracil, surgery
111
# Reversed Hypothyroidism
* Adults: thickened lips, enlarged tongue * Children: failure of eruption of permanent dentition * Causes: autoimmune disease, radioactive treatment * tx: levothyroxine
112
# Reversed Nomenclature to Describe Lesions | (ABCD+T)
Anatomical location Boarder Colour Dimension Type
113
# Reversed Mumps
caused by Paramyxovirus * parotid gland enlargement * pain when chewing * palliative tx
114
# Reversed Mixed Tumor | (Pleomorphic Adenoma)
most common benign salivary tumor * epithelial and connective tissue * parotid gland, palate * painless * tx: surgical excision, excellent prognosis
115
# Reversed Warthins Tumor
Tumor containing lymphoid tissue * 2nd most common parotid gland tumor * bilateral * older men * tx: surgical excision
116
# Reversed Lupus
Butterfly Rash women more effected lesions are ulcerated, erythematous, white center
117
# Reversed Gingival Hyperplasia
abnormal gingival growth caused by phenytoin, nifedipine, cyclosporin tx: gingivectomy, discontinue medication, review oral health instruction
118
# Reversed Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Common tumor-like growth * reactive lesion caused by local irritation/trauma * mandibular * mostly in females 21-41y/o * tx: surgery, scaling to remove irritation
119
# Reversed Fissured Tongue
Strong association with geographic tongue grooves in tongue benign, asymptomatic, idiopathic no tx indicated
120
# Reversed Diabetes Type 1 vs Type 2
Type 1 * Insulin dependant * Juvenile onset * hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis * exogenous insulin injections Type 2 * Non-insulin dependant * adult onset * hyperglycemia * tx: oral medications, insulin
121
# Reversed Diabetes Oral Manifestations
Generally Type 1 * periodontal disease * xerostomia * enlargement/erythema of gingiva * glossitis * candidiasis
122
# Reversed Hypercorticism
Cushing Syndrome ("Fat so fall is cushioned") * causes⇒ tumor, corticosteroid therapy * reversible clinical feautures (buffalo hump, moon face) * tx: surgical removal, radiation therapy, corticosteroid-sparing agents
123
# Reversed Hypoadrenocorticism
Addisons Disease ("addison is skinny") * low cortisol levels * weight loss, weakness, hypotension * patchy, brown, macular pigmentation in oral cavity * tx: prednisone (corticosteroid)
124
# Reversed Thyroid Gland
secretes hormones regulating growth and development * T3 and T4 hormones regulate breathing, heart rate, CNS, PNS, muscle strength, menstrual cycles, body temperature, metabolism,, brain development
125
# Reversed Melanocytic Nevus
* Nevus: mole or birthmark * benign tumor of melanocytes * on hard palate, buccal mucosa * genetic predisposition
126
# Reversed Lipoma
benign tumor of mature fat cells * yellow mass on buccal mucosa and vestibule
127
# Reversed Frictional Keratosis
hyperkeratosis of epithelium caused by friction against tissue * white * nonmalignant * resembles leukoplakia (monitor)
128
# Reversed Fibroma
most common tumor in oral cavity reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue along bite lines, smooth surfaces asymptomatic
129
# Reversed Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue Sunburst pattern teens and elders effected
130
# Reversed Aspirin Burn
white necrotic tissue that may slough off * painful * caused by aspirin tablet placed on gingiva instead of swallowing * heals in 7-10 days spontaneously
131
# Reversed Cherubism
hereditary condition * bone in mandible replaced by excessive fibrous tissue * under age 20 * bilateral expansion of max and mand * premature loss of primary teeth, non-eruption of permanent teeth
132
# Reversed Solar (actinic) Cheilitis
pre-cancerous, related to sunday exposure fair-skinned individuals lower lip and vermillion boarder most affected
133
# Reversed Verrucous Carcinoma
diffuse, painless, thick plaque * slow growing * leukoplakia, tobacco pouch keratosis * tobacco and HPV are predisposing factors * metastasis is extremely rare
134
# Reversed Snuff Dippers Lesion
Smokeless tobacco keratosis * stretched mucosa appears fissured * thin grey-white translucent plaque * severity correlates with quantity of daily use
135
# Reversed Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Most common salivary gland malignancy\* * most common in parotid gland\* * 20-70y/o * prognosis depends on size of lesion * low - rarely metastasizes * high - frequently metastasizes
136
# Reversed Smokers Melanosis
Dark Pigmentation caused by stimulation of melanin production Caused by cigarette smoke * anterior labial gingiva most common
137
# Reversed Tobacco Pouch Keratosis
Raised flat area most commonly on muccobuccal fold can disappear in absence of tobacco may metastasize
138
# Reversed Epstein-Barr Virus
Hairy Leukoplakia * white patches that resemble folds, doesn't wipe off * usually not malignant * cancer “Kaposi's Sarcoma”
139
# Reversed Denture Stomatitis
Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis * due to irritation from oral appliances * tx: remove and clean prosthetics at night, re-size if needed
140
# Reversed Impetigo
highly contagious skin infection * Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus Pyogenes * vesicles resemble herpes * young children * fever does not occur
141
# Reversed Pericoronitis
inflammation and infection between tooth and gingiva erupting 8's is most common location
142
# Reversed Syphillis
\*huchinsons incisors and mulberry molars * caused by Treponema Pallidum * sexual transmission * chancre: primary stage, highly infectious * mucous patch: secondary stage (apx. 6 weeks after chancre), most infectious stage * gumma: non-infectious third stage
143
# Reversed Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Verruca Vulgaris * warts transmitted through direct contact * white, papillary, exophytic lesion Condyloma acuminatum * benign, pink lesion, papillary projections * sexually transmitted
144
# Reversed Exostosis
overgrowth of compact bone on buccal of max/mand * no tx * asymptomatic
145
# Reversed Hematoma
accumulation of blood in tissue due to trauma dark in colour
146
# Reversed Lingual Thyroid Nodule
tissues entrapped in tongue mass on midline, posterior to circumvallate papillae
147
# Reversed Cyclic Neutropenia
inherited disorder with frequent decrease in neutrophils (2-3days) * periodontal disease and ulcerations * treatment only when neutrophil count is normal
148
# Reversed Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome
Inherited disorder resulting in dwarfism * polydactyly, hyperplastic nails * fusion of gingiva from max anteriors * lack of incisors, have single tooth in center * natal teeth

NBDHE May 2022 (12 decks)

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