Dental Anatomy Flashcards
Primary Eruption - Max Anteriors
Central - 8-12mo
Lateral - 9-13mo
Canine - 16-22mo
Primary Eruption - Mand Anteriors
Central - 6-10 mo
Lateral - 9-13mo
Canine - 17-23mo
Primary Eruption - Max Posterior
1st Molar - 13-19mo
2nd Molar - 25-33mo
Primary Eruption - Mand Posterior
1st Molar - 14-18mo
2nd Molar - 23-31mo
Permanent eruption - Max Anteriors
Central - 7-8yrs
Lateral - 8-9yrs
Canine - 11-12yrs
Permanent Eruption - Mand Anteriors
Central - 6-7yrs
Lateral - 7-8yrs
Canine - 9-10yrs
Permanent Eruption - Max Posterior
1st Premolar - 10-11yrs 2nd Premolar - 10-12yrs 1st Molar - 6-7yrs 2nd Molar - 12-13yrs 3rd Molar - 17-21yrs
Permanent Eruption - Mand Posterior
1st Premolar - 10-12yrs 2nd Premolar - 11-12yrs 1st Molar - 6-7yrs 2nd Molar - 11-13yrs 3rd Molar - 17-21yrs
Primary Eruption Order
Central
Laterals
1st Molar
Canine
2nd Molars
Permanent Eruption Order
1st Molar
Centrals
Laterals
Canines
1st PM
2nd PM
1st Molar
2nd Molar
3rd Molars
International vs Universal vs Palmar Notations
Endogenous Intrinsic Stain
Occurs during tooth development
fluorosis - excessive Fluoride consumption
tetracycline - ingestion by mother
Exogenous Intrinsic Stain
Occurs after eruption
Pulp necrosis - dark
Pulpitis - pink discolouration
Exogenous Intrinsic Stain
After tooth eruption
green: poor OSC, nasmyths membrane
black: iron
yellow/grey/brown: chlorohexadine
grey/green: marijuana
yellow: biofilm
Blacks Caries Classification
pH of enamel and cementum
enamel - 5.5
cementum - 6.0-6.7
Normal Occlusion
MB cusp of max 1st molar fits in buccal groove of mand 1st molar
Normal overbite and overjet
Class 1 Malocclusion
MB cusp of max 1st molar fits in buccal groove of mand 1st molar
Crowding, crossbite, etc. is present
Class 2 Occlusion
- div 1
- div 2
MB cusp of max 1st molar is mesial to buccal groove of mand 1st molar
Div 1: incisors on max protruded
Div 2: incisors on max retruded
Class 3 Occlusion
MB cusp of max 1st molar is distal to buccal groove of mand 1st molar
Curve of Spee
Upward smile line seen from buccal aspect
Curve of Wilson
Upward smile line seen from frontal aspect due to posterior teeth bring higher up
Fossa
Depression on tooth
if on lingual termed “developmental pit”
Cingulum
Rounded elevation at cervical third of lingual surface
Max anterior - large, well developed
Mand anterior - smooth and round
Max central incisor feature(s)
largest crown of all incisors
Mand central incisor feature(s)
smallest and most symmetrical of entire dentition
Max lateral incisors feature(s)
- most often fails to develop (and 8’s)
- most affected by microdontia (peg lateral)
- may present with talon cusp
- most likely to present develop lingual caries (pronounced fossa, cingulum, ridges)
- root curves distally, pointed apex
Mand lateral incisors feature(s)
curved incisor edge; otherwise similar to central
Max canine feature(s)
longest root in dentition
- 2 ling fossa, 1 ling ridge
- crown is narrower, can be shorter than central
Mand canine feature(s)
smaller and smoother than max
- can be bifurcated
Max 1st premolar feature(s)
2 roots - buccal/lingual
- 2 cusps
- most pronounced root concavity
Mand 1st premolar feature(s)
non-functional lingual cusp
- 1 root
- 2 cusps
Max 2nd premolar feature(s)
resembles 1st PM
- 1 root
- 2 cusps
Mand 2nd premolar feature(s)
can have 2 or 3 cusps (2 lingual)
- y-shaped grooves with central pit on occlusal
Max 1st Molar feature(s)
- can have 4-5 cusps (5th cusp termed cusp of carabelli
- largest root of all molars
- 3 roots (2 buccal, 1 lingual)
Mand 1st molar feature(s)
2 roots, 4-5 cusps
- mesial root can have 2 pulp canals
- largest tooth in permanent dentition
- wider m-d than b-l
- 1st to erupt in permanent dentition
Max 2nd molar feature(s)
- 3 roots (2 buccal, 1 lingual)
- 3-4 cusps
Mand 2nd molar feature(s)
- 4 cusps
- 2 roots
Max 3rd Molar feature(s)
usually fused roots
small crown, supplemental grooves
Mand 3rd molar feature(s)
usually fused roots
- smallest crown of molars
- more supplemental grooves
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
hypoplastic: thin enamel, ameloblasts failed to lay enamel matrix properly (pitting)
- hypocalcification
- hypomaturation: normal thickness of enamel but chips easily
- not due to a systemic disorder; due to ectodermal disturbance
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
hereditary opalescent dentin (blue-brown)
- primary teeth affected more than permanent
- no pulp; no pulp chambers/root canals on rads
- mesodermal disturbance
Dentin Dysplasia
genetic disorder
- abnormally short roots that exfoliate prematurely
- total or partial lack of pulp
- oddly shaped pulp chambers and root canals on rads
Anodontia
congenital lack of all teeth
Hypodontia
lack of 1+ teeth congenitally
oligodontia
6+ teeth missing due to underlying syndrome
- most commonly 3rd molars and max laterals
Supernumerary Teeth
extra teeth, often remain unerupted
- most common: mesiodens (between centrals on max)
- 2nd common: distomolar (distal of 8’s)
- associated with many syndromes
Natal Teeth
Erupt at birth
Microdontia
Small Teeth
- associated with hypodontia
- most common: peg lateral (maxillary) and 8’s
- associated with down syndrome and pituitary drawfism
Macrodontia
1+ teeth are larger than normal
- most common: incisors and canines
- localized: facial hemihypertrophy/ hemifacial hyperplasia
- associated with pituitary gigantism and pineal hyperplasia
Gemination
Single tooth germ attempts to divide
- shared roots and pulp
- most common: deciduous mand incisors and permanent max incisors
Fusion
2 teeth joined by cementum
- most common max 7 & 8’s
Enamel Pearl
Small enamel projection in furcation of molars
- radiographically detected
- Mand bifurcation most common (Man Buys Woman Pearls)
- can cause periodontal problems - bone loss, plaque retention
Dilaceration
sharp curve/bend in root
- most common : mand 8’s, max 5’s, 7’s
Dens in Dente
tooth grows enamel organ in crown before mineralization
- most common in max laterals
- susceptible to caries
Taurodontism
in multirooted teeth, “bull” teeth
- enlarged pulp chambers, short roots
- associated with amelogenesis imperfecta, down syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia
Talon Cusp
Accessory cusp in cingulum area of permanent incisors
- can interfere with occlusion
Dens Evaginatus
Accessary enamel cusp on occlusal
- most common mand premolars
- pulp horn can extend into cusp
Enamel Hypoplasia
incomplete development of enamel
- ameloblast disturbance during enamel matrix formation
- can be caused by fluorosis
Enamel Hypocalcification
Disturbance of maturation of enamel matrix
- chalky white or dark spots
- susceptible to caries
Hypercementosis
excessive cementum deposition at apex
- cementicles: free cementum in PDL
- mand molars, mand premolars, max 7’s
Abfraction
mechanical destruction
- wedge-shape lesion at cervical 3rd
Abrasion
Mechanical Destruction
- improper brushing, parafunctional habits
- V-shape notch
Ankylosed Teeth
Teeth fused to bone
- deciduous molars
- extraction necessary
- appears submerged, has solid sound when percussed
