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NBDHE May 2022 > Histology and Embryology > Flashcards

Histology and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Preimplantation Period

A

first week of conception

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2
Q

Embryonic Period

A

weeks 2 to 8

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3
Q

Fetal Period

A

weeks 9 to birth

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4
Q

Fertilization Stage

A

Preimplantation

formation of zygote

zygote receives 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 from dad

zygote undergoes mitosis and eventually becomes a blastocyst

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5
Q

Implantation

A

Preimplantation Period

by 7 days, the blastocyst will be endometrium

after one week, it will consist of a trophoblast layer (nutritive) and a embroblast layer (becomes embryo)

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6
Q

Bilaminar Disk

A

Embryonic Period

consists of a superior epiblast layer and an inferior hypoblast layer

disc is suspended between 2 spaces - the amniotic cavity and the yolk sac

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7
Q

Trilaminar Disk

A

Embryonic Period

Consists of Mesenchyme, Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

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8
Q

Mesenchyme Layer

A

differentiates into different connective tissue

(odontoblasts, osteoblast, fibroblast ect)

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9
Q

Ectoderm

A

forms the epithelial enamel organ

(week 3 of embryonic period)

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10
Q

Mesoderm

A

forms during embryonic period

forms the dental papillae which differentiates into dental pulp and elaborates the dentin

called the dental sac

forms the cementum covering the root and periodontal membranes

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11
Q

Endoderm

A

forms during embryonic period

forms epithelial linings of the respiratory passages and digestive tract

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12
Q

Embryonic Folding

A

Last stage of Embryonic Period (end of week 9)

most organs and body systems are developed

most congenital malformation occurs in this stage

enlargement of embryo into a fetus

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13
Q

Period of Face Development

A

Weeks 3-12

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14
Q

First Brachial Arch

A

AKA Mandibular Arch

Divides into maxillary and mandibular processes

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15
Q

Mandibular Process

A

Lower parts of the face and lower lip

anterior ⅔’s of the tongue

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16
Q

What forms the posterior ⅓rd of the tongue and the hyoid bone?

A

Second and third brachial arches

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17
Q

Maxillary Process

A

Lateral palatine processes

upper parts of cheek

sides of upper lip (not philtrum)

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18
Q

Frontal Process

A

forhead and frontal bone

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19
Q

Median Nasal Process

A

Center and tip of nose

nasal septum

globular process (philtrum, premaxillary palate (anterior) )

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20
Q

Lateral Nasal Process

A

sides of nose

infraorbital area

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21
Q

Stomodeum

A

primitive mouth

lined by ectoderm, which will become oral epithelium

mesoderm differentiates into ectomesenchyme

Week 3

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22
Q

Period of Tongue Formation

A

Develops weeks 4 to 8

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23
Q

Filiform Papillae

A
  • *only papillae with no taste buds**
  • keratinized*

elongation known as hairy tongue

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24
Q

Fungiform Papillae

A

Few, large red bumps

contain taste buds

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25
Foliate Papillae
folds of tissue at posterior, lateral boarder contain taste buds
26
Circumvallate Papillae
8-12 in number anterior to the sulcus terminalis contains taste buds and glands of Von Ebner
27
Tongue Innervation
Hypoglossal: motor nerve Trigeminal V3: sensory to anterior ⅔ Facial: taste to anterior ⅔ (via chorda tympani) Glossopharyngeal: taste and sensory posterior ⅓
28
Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
hypoglossus ⇒ below styloglossus ⇒ back genioglossus ⇒ stick out tongue palatoglossus ⇒ above tongue, prevents choking
29
Period of Palatal Formation
Weeks 6 to 12
30
Hard Palate Formation
Primary Palate (premaxilla) ⇒ anterior ⅓ Secondary Palate (formed from 2 palatal shelves) ⇒ posterior ⅔ NOTE: if 2 palatal shelves dont fuse, causes cleft palate
31
Initiation Stage | (AKA Induction)
WEEKS 6-7 ectoderm gives rise to oral epithelium and dentinal lamina Enamel is forming
32
Bud Stage | (AKA Proliferation)
WEEK 8 dental lamina grows into mesenchymal (connective) tissue at 20 places to form primary teeth enamel grows into dentin and pulp
33
Cap Stage
WEEKS 9-10 * enamel organ develops from dental lamina to produce enamel * Dental Papilla arises from specialized tissue to produce dentin and pulp * Dental Sac surrounds tooth and becomes PDL, alveolar bone, and cementum PAC the SAC in CAP (PDL, alveolar bone, cementum from the dental sac)
34
Bell Stage
WEEKS 11-12 Enamel Organ forms 4 layers * Outer Enamel Epithelium (forms hertwigs epithelial root sheath) * Stellate Reticulum * stratum intermedium * Inner Enamel Epithelium (becomes ameloblasts) DEJ develops from basement membrane * odontoblasts formed
35
Root Formation
occurs after the crown is complete and ends 1-4 years after eruption
36
Apposition Stage
enamel, dentin, cementum are secreted in increments Dentinogenesis: process of dentin matrix formation Amelogenesis; process of enamel matrix formation
37
Maturation Stage
dental tissues develop into their mature tissues and undergo calcification by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals
38
Hertwigs Epithelial Root Sheath | (HERS)
Develops from IEE and \*OEE dissolves after root formation Has the potential to form cysts if remnants remain
39
Cleft Palate
Failure of palatal shelves to fuse with each other causes malpositioning of teeth and mouth breathing weeks 8-12 obturator is used to correct and fuse palate
40
Cleft Lip
Failure of fusion between maxillary process and median nasal process weeks 4-7 usually unilateral increases risk of oral infection, periodontal disease, caries, and malnutrition
41
Enamel Composition and Origin
96% inorganic material Ectoderm
42
Lines of Retzius
dark incremental lines from mineralization on enamel
43
Outer Enamel Organ
outlines the shape of enamel
44
Inner Enamel Epithelium
\*develops ameloblasts on concave side of enamel organ
45
Stratum Intermedium
layer above IEE
46
Enamel Spindles
ends of odontoblastic processes which cross the DEJ
47
Hunter-Schreger Bands
light or dark bands of enamel perpendicular to DEJ caused by curvature of enamel rods
48
Perikymata
lines on enamel surface where lines of Retzius end
49
Enamel Tufts
hypomineralization of enamel rods near DEJ
50
Dentin Composition and Origin
70% inorganic material Mesenchyme
51
T/F Dentin Stays Vital Throughout the Life of a Tooth?
True
52
Lines of Von Ebner
incremental dentinal lines of daily growth
53
Tomes Granular Layer
outer portion of dentin beneath root cementum adjacent to DCJ
54
Peritubular Dentin
dentin that formed immediately around odontoblastic process more mineralized than other parts of dentin
55
Intratubular Dentin
Less mineralized remaining dentin in between tubules
56
Mantle Dentin
first layer of dentin next to the DEJ
57
Circumpolar Dentin
layer of dentin around pulpal wall
58
Production of Dentin
Produced by odontoblasts from dental papilla
59
Primary Dentin
Deposited before completion of the root
60
Secondary Dentin
Develops after tooth is in occlusion Developed by odontoblasts in pulp
61
Tertiary Dentin
formed in response to trauma
62
Sclerotic Dentin
fully calcified dentin associated with chronic injury
63
Cementum Formation
50% mineralized produced by cementoblasts in PDL
64
What nourishes cementum?
PDL
65
Acellular vs Cellular Cementum
Acellular: found at CEJ (more coronal) THINNEST Cellular: found at apex (more apical) THICKEST
66
Where does is the root derived from?
cervical portion of enamel organ IEE and OEE fuse together to elongate **after** crowns are formed
67
T/F the root is fully formed when the crown erupts
False
68
Importance of Pulp
vital, sensory, and responsive portion of the tooth
69
What is Contained in Pulp?
blood vessles nerve fibers fibroblasts odontoblasts histocytes pulp stones

NBDHE May 2022 (12 decks)

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