oral path bacteria fungal viral

Question 1

what is antifungal regime for fungal infection?

Answer 1

Miconazole 2% gel 2.5ml topically (then swallowed), 4 times daily after food, for 1-2 week + 1 week after symptoms resolve

Question 2

cleaning denture instructions

Answer 2

Remove when sleep
Clean twice/daily with water, mild soap and toothbrush
Leave denture to dry out overnight

Question 3

why accurate diagnosis of chronic hyperplastic candidosis is important?

Answer 3

lesion can resemble other pathology including lichen planus and early squamous cell carcinoma

Question 4

what symptom may chronic atrophic candidosis present with?

Answer 4

Generally symptomless but sometimes patients present with a mild burning sensation

Question 5

Pathogenesis of viral infection (in general!)

Answer 5

1. Transmission – saliva, direct contact with lesion etc
2. Entry – enter body via mouth or whatever
3. Replication - Once inside the host cells (typically epithelial cells in the mouth), the virus sheds its outer capsid and injects its genetic material (DNA) into the host cell nucleus.
   a. The viral DNA hijacks the host cell’s machinery to produce new viral particles
   b. uses the host cell’s ribosomes, enzymes, and materials to produce new viral proteins and replicate its genetic material
4. Viral release – newly assembled viral particles cause the infected cells to lyse (burst open) or bud out to releasing the progeny virus into the surrounding tissues. This local spread within the mouth leads to the characteristic inflammation and blister formation
5. Cellular damage - more viral replication, more infected host, more cell death.
6. Immune response - The host immune system recognizes the viral components as foreign and mounts an immune response to eliminate the infected cells and prevent further viral spread. This response involves
   a. Production of antibodies: Specific antibodies are produced to target and neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting new cells.
   b. Activation of immune cells: White blood cells like lymphocytes and macrophages attack and destroy infected cells. This process can lead to inflammation and tissue injury.

Question 6

primary hsv manifestation

Answer 6

Primary (herpetic) gingivostomatitis

Question 7

manifestation of HPV infection

Answer 7

condylomata acuminatum and squamous papilloma

Question 8

what is associated with oropharyngeal cancer

Answer 8

HPV 16 and 18

Question 9

what can recurrent HSV be triggered by

Answer 9

Sunlight
stress
Immunosuppression