cvs

Question 1

what is CHF?

Answer 1

-chronic, progressive condition
- heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs for oxygen and nutrients.

can be characterized by:
Systolic dysfunction: decreased contractility such as MI, Valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies
Diastolic dysfunction: abnormalities in active and passive filling as a result of MI

Question 2

common causes of CHF

Answer 2

Ischaemic HD - less blood flow to cardiac tissue, less ejection fraction

valvular heart disease

HT - more mechanical overload

tachycardia and arrhythmia

thyrotoxicosis

Question 3

what is ischaemic heart disease

Answer 3

condition where blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced or blocked due to the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries

Question 4

what to take note in patient with cardiac arhythmias

Answer 4

Patient taking digoxin can get arrythmia if given adrenaline. Use LA without vasoconstrictor

High risk - avoid treatment, or do treatment in a hospital
Low risk - reduce stress, minimise adrenaline. Precaution when pacemaker is involved

Question 5

what is COPD

Answer 5

long standing (>3months) set of lung disease characterized