Oral Neoplasia Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of neoplasia in dogs?
- benign
- malignant
- non-neoplastic
__________ is benign proliferation of the gingiva. It can be caused by chronic irritation, medications, or breed predisposition. It commonly occurs around the canines and incisors.
gingival hyperplasia
how do you diagnose gingival hyperplasia?
biopsy
what is the treatment for gingival hyperplasia?
if its severe, you can do gingivectomy because if not, the hyperplastic tissue creates deep gingival pockets
__________ is a highly contagious, benign condition characterized by cauliflower-like protrusions in the mouth. They often spontaneously regress, but this may take several months.
viral papillomas
What is the treatment for severe cases of viral papillomas?
surgical debulking
_____________ is characterized by raised, ulcerative plaques within the oral cavity. These can be resulting from allergies or reactions to trauma, FBs, or arthropod bites.
eosinophilic granulomas
(non-neoplastic)
how do you treat eosinophilic granulomas?
steroids and addressing the underlying cause
_________ is a benign condition characterized by slow-growing tissue arising from the tissue of the periodontal ligament.
fibromatous epulis
how do you treat fibromatous epulis?
complete excision of the tissue and extract tooth associated with the tissue formation and currette the alveolus.
send off to histopath.
What is the ossifying version of fibromatous epulis? (note: still benign)
peripheral odontogenic fibroma
________ is a benign condition composed of dental tissues and may or may not resemble a tooth.
odontoma
what is the treatment for odontomas?
narrow excision is curative
__________ arises from enamel tissue and does not produce hard tissue. This condition is locally invasive, but does NOT metastasize.
acanthomatous ameloblastoma
(within the malignant category)
How do you treat acanthomatous ameloblastomas?
wide excision or
partial mandibulectomy/maxillectomy
What is the MOST common oral neoplasia of dogs?
malignant melanoma
T/F: malignant melanomas are always pigmented.
false they can be pigmented or non pigmented.
why do malignant melanomas necrose?
they often outgrow their blood supply.
T/F: metastasis of malignant melanomas is to the regional lymph nodes or lungs.
true
what is the treatment for malignant melanoma in dogs?
surgical excision
NOT responsive to chemo
Radiation is only palliative
stage 1 - <2 cm (MST 12-18m)
stage 2 - 2-4 cm (MST 5-6m)
stage 3 - > 4cm and/or LN metastasis (MST 3m)
stage 4 - distant metastasis (MST weeks)
What are the MSTs for malignant melanoma for each stage?
stage I = 12-18 months
stage II = 5-6 months
stage III = 3 months
stage IV = weeks
T/F: malignant melanoma is not responsive to chemo and radiation is only palliative
true
T/F: there is a malignant melanoma vaccine that is therapeutic only for stage I.
false – stages II and III
shows promise for control of residual local disease.
___________ is a less common neoplasia in dogs. It is epithelial in origin and may metastasize to the local LN and lungs.
squamous cell carcinoma
what is the treatment for SCC in dogs?
surgical excision
chemo is NOT useful
Which of the following statements is FALSE about fibrosarcomas?
A. locally invasive
B. rarely metastasizes to LN or lungs
C. chemo is treatment of choice
D. radiation is palliative
E. wide surgical excision is treatment of choice
C. chemo is treatment of choice
chemo is NOT considered usually. Wide surgical excision is the TOC, but these do commonly recur.
T/F: osteosarcomas carry good prognosis
false – bad, bad, bad, bad, bad
what is the treatment for oral osteosarcoma?
complete excision but this is very difficult to do.
T/F: eosinophilic granulomas can be idiopathic in cats
true
__________ is an immune-mediated disease in cats that can be confused with neoplasia. It is characterized by severe inflammation.
gingivitis/stomatitis
What is the MOST common oral neoplasia in cats?
SCC
What is paramount in survival time for feline oral SCC?
local control – cut it out!
these rarely metastasize.
what is the 2nd most common oral neoplasia in cats?
fibrosarcoma
Which of the following statements is TRUE about feline oral fibrosarcomas?
A. locally invasive
B. metastasis common
C. diagnosis can occur without histopathology
A. locally invasive
they rarely metastasize and diagnosis is only through histopathology
T/F: malignant melanomas are rare in cats.
true
