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Small Animal Dentistry > Anatomy , Terminology, COHATs > Flashcards

Anatomy , Terminology, COHATs Flashcards

1
Q

What larger artery does the infraorbital artery branch off of?

A

maxillary artery

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2
Q

What larger artery does the mandibular artery branch off of?

A

common carotid artery

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3
Q

What foramen do mental arteries emerge from the rostral end of the mandible?

A

mental foramen

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4
Q

______ is the portion of the tooth above the gingival margin

A

crown

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5
Q

_____ is the portion of the tooth below the gingival sulcus

A

root

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6
Q

______ covers the tooth crown, is the hardest substance in the body, and is an effective barrier to heat, cold, and sweet sensitivities.

A

enamel

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7
Q

enamel is formed by ______

A

ameloblasts

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8
Q

T/F: formation of enamel stops prior to tooth eruption

A

true

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9
Q

________ covers the root. The periodontal ligament and gingiva attach to this.

A

Cementum

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10
Q

________ produce cementum from the apex of the root.

A

cementoblasts

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11
Q

Chronic irritation can cause hypercementosis and lead to …

A

the tooth being locked into the alveolar socket

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12
Q

what happens if you lose the cementum?

A

prevents reattachment of periodontal ligament and predisposes to periodontal disease.

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13
Q

__________ is the connective tissue that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. It serves as a shock absorber, transmits occlusal forces, supplies nutrients, and provide tactile and proprioceptive info.

A

periodontal ligament

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14
Q

Dentin is produced by ___________ throughout the life of the tooth.

A

odontoblasts

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of dentin and can you describe them?

A

primary – what is first produced before tooth eruption.

secondary – what grows after eruption as the tooth develops with age.

tertiary – what regenerates as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts; this can be thermal, chemical, bacterial or mechanical. Tertiary dentin is darker in color and dense.

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16
Q

What are dentin tubules?

A

contain cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts that once formed the dentin and maintain it.
If these tubules are to be exposed, this causes sensitivity and has potential to be contaminated.

(Lose enamel –> dentin tubules are exposed –> sensitive and potential for infection)

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17
Q

On radiographs, you see that the pulp cavity of this patient is very narrow, what can you infer from this information?

A

this animal is likely older than 1 year of age.
in contrast, if the pulp cavity is wide, they are much younger (at least < 1.5yr)

general rule: pulp cavity gets smaller as animals age.

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18
Q

On radiographs, the pulp cavity of one canine tooth is very narrow, whereas the other is very wide. What can you infer from this information?

A

the tooth that has a wide pulp cavity is likely nonvital.
The pulp cavity appears to be so wide because the dentin stopped growing.

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19
Q

_______ is the living tissue within the tooth located in the pulp chambers and root canals. It is comprised of connective tissue, nerves, lymph, and blood vessels.

A

pulp

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20
Q

What is the gingival sulcus?

A

the space between the gingival margin and the tooth. This is the space where junk accumulates and major disease processes can begin.

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21
Q

Where is the cemento-enamel junction located?

A

at the bottom of the gingival sulcus.

22
Q

_____ side of the tooth is the side closest to the median plane.

A

mesial

23
Q

How would you describe the surface of the back of the mandibular incisors in positional terminology?

A

lingual

24
Q

How would you describe the lateral surface of the canine in positional terminology?

A

labial

25
Q

how would you describe the lateral surface of the mandibular molars in positional terminology?

A

buccal

26
Q

How would you describe the medial surface of the maxillary molars?

A

palatal

27
Q

How would you describe the root of the tooth in positional terminology?

A

apical

28
Q

how would you describe the crown of the tooth in positional terminiology?

A

coronal

29
Q

The upper right teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?

A

1 (adult) or 5 (deciduous)

30
Q

The upper left teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?

A

2 (adult) or 6 (deciduous)

31
Q

The lower right teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?

A

4 (adult) or 8 (deciduous)

32
Q

The lower left teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?

A

3 (adult) or 7 (deciduous)

33
Q

How many premolars do dogs have (maxillary and mandibular)?

A

4

34
Q

how many maxillary molars versus mandibular molars do dogs have?

A

2 maxillary (x09, x10)
3 mandibular (x09, x10, x11)

35
Q

At what age do adult canine teeth erupt in dogs and what is the clinical importance of this?

A

3-4 months
this is so that you can ensure you are not giving rabies vaccines to dogs younger than 16 weeks.

36
Q

What teeth are cats missing that dogs have?

A

x05’s (1st premolars – both mandibular and maxillary)
x06’s (Mandibular 2nd premolars)
x10’s
x11’s

37
Q

how many premolars do cats have maxillary versus mandibular?

A

3 maxillary premolars
2 mandibular premolars

38
Q

The first molar is always x__.

A

x09

39
Q

The canine is always x__.

A

x04

40
Q

What is the difference between dental prophylaxis, a professional dental cleaning, and periodontal therapy?

A

dental prophy = performed on HEALTHY mouth to prevent dental dz

PDC = performed on pt with plaque and calculus to some of teeth and/or mild gingivitis but for the most part, healthy mouth

periodontal therapy = tx of tooth-supporting structures where peridontal dx exists.

COHAT encompasses all of those 3.

41
Q

what is the FIRST and most important step to a successful PDC?

A

performing a good, thorough oral EXAM to assess the dental status of the pt and develop a tx plan then COMMUNICATE possible outcomes, risks, and costs with the client.

42
Q

describe the “normal” occlusion

A

scissor bite
small overlap of maxillary incisors over mandibular incisors.

43
Q

how can you ensure patient safety during a dental procedure?

A

protected airway
general anesthesia
proper monitoring
good warming protocol

44
Q

Prior to removing large chunks of calculus with extraction forceps, what should you do?

A

rinse the mouth with an antiseptic, chlorohex-based solution

45
Q

why are dental radiographs so important?

A

1/2 of the tooth is beneath the gingiva (not visible), so many patients that appear clinically normal actually have dental pathology beneath the gingiva that could be detected via radiographs.

Also, in patients who have abnormalities that are detectable without radiographs, the radiographs can help determine the full extent of abnormalities and/or additional ones.

46
Q

how long can you leave the ultrasonic scaler on a tooth?

A

no longer than 8-10 seconds.

47
Q

When do you use hand scalers or currettes in reference to ultrasonic scaling?

A

AFTER ultrasonic scaling

48
Q

Describe the ends of curets.

A

they have rounded, blunted tips that make them suitable for going subgingival

49
Q

Curved sickle scalers can be used in what location of the tooth?

A

supragingival ONLY because the end is sharp, not rounded + blunt.

50
Q

why do we do periodontal probing?

A

measure depth of gingival sulcus to give us information about the extent of periodontal disease.

51
Q

Why must we polish the teeth after scaling?

A

removing calculus causes microscopic etching of the tooth. the etching increases retention of plaque and calculus
polishing smooths the surface and decreases plaque/calculus retention.

52
Q

What is the purpose of applying barrier sealant?

A

adheres to enamel and seals gingival sulcus.

Small Animal Dentistry (11 decks)

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