Anatomy , Terminology, COHATs Flashcards
What larger artery does the infraorbital artery branch off of?
maxillary artery
What larger artery does the mandibular artery branch off of?
common carotid artery
What foramen do mental arteries emerge from the rostral end of the mandible?
mental foramen
______ is the portion of the tooth above the gingival margin
crown
_____ is the portion of the tooth below the gingival sulcus
root
______ covers the tooth crown, is the hardest substance in the body, and is an effective barrier to heat, cold, and sweet sensitivities.
enamel
enamel is formed by ______
ameloblasts
T/F: formation of enamel stops prior to tooth eruption
true
________ covers the root. The periodontal ligament and gingiva attach to this.
Cementum
________ produce cementum from the apex of the root.
cementoblasts
Chronic irritation can cause hypercementosis and lead to …
the tooth being locked into the alveolar socket
what happens if you lose the cementum?
prevents reattachment of periodontal ligament and predisposes to periodontal disease.
__________ is the connective tissue that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. It serves as a shock absorber, transmits occlusal forces, supplies nutrients, and provide tactile and proprioceptive info.
periodontal ligament
Dentin is produced by ___________ throughout the life of the tooth.
odontoblasts
what are the 3 types of dentin and can you describe them?
primary – what is first produced before tooth eruption.
secondary – what grows after eruption as the tooth develops with age.
tertiary – what regenerates as a result of trauma to the odontoblasts; this can be thermal, chemical, bacterial or mechanical. Tertiary dentin is darker in color and dense.
What are dentin tubules?
contain cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts that once formed the dentin and maintain it.
If these tubules are to be exposed, this causes sensitivity and has potential to be contaminated.
(Lose enamel –> dentin tubules are exposed –> sensitive and potential for infection)
On radiographs, you see that the pulp cavity of this patient is very narrow, what can you infer from this information?
this animal is likely older than 1 year of age.
in contrast, if the pulp cavity is wide, they are much younger (at least < 1.5yr)
general rule: pulp cavity gets smaller as animals age.
On radiographs, the pulp cavity of one canine tooth is very narrow, whereas the other is very wide. What can you infer from this information?
the tooth that has a wide pulp cavity is likely nonvital.
The pulp cavity appears to be so wide because the dentin stopped growing.
_______ is the living tissue within the tooth located in the pulp chambers and root canals. It is comprised of connective tissue, nerves, lymph, and blood vessels.
pulp
What is the gingival sulcus?
the space between the gingival margin and the tooth. This is the space where junk accumulates and major disease processes can begin.
Where is the cemento-enamel junction located?
at the bottom of the gingival sulcus.
_____ side of the tooth is the side closest to the median plane.
mesial
How would you describe the surface of the back of the mandibular incisors in positional terminology?
lingual
How would you describe the lateral surface of the canine in positional terminology?
labial
how would you describe the lateral surface of the mandibular molars in positional terminology?
buccal
How would you describe the medial surface of the maxillary molars?
palatal
How would you describe the root of the tooth in positional terminology?
apical
how would you describe the crown of the tooth in positional terminiology?
coronal
The upper right teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?
1 (adult) or 5 (deciduous)
The upper left teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?
2 (adult) or 6 (deciduous)
The lower right teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?
4 (adult) or 8 (deciduous)
The lower left teeth are what numbers in the modified triadan system?
3 (adult) or 7 (deciduous)
How many premolars do dogs have (maxillary and mandibular)?
4
how many maxillary molars versus mandibular molars do dogs have?
2 maxillary (x09, x10)
3 mandibular (x09, x10, x11)
At what age do adult canine teeth erupt in dogs and what is the clinical importance of this?
3-4 months
this is so that you can ensure you are not giving rabies vaccines to dogs younger than 16 weeks.
What teeth are cats missing that dogs have?
x05’s (1st premolars – both mandibular and maxillary)
x06’s (Mandibular 2nd premolars)
x10’s
x11’s
how many premolars do cats have maxillary versus mandibular?
3 maxillary premolars
2 mandibular premolars
The first molar is always x__.
x09
The canine is always x__.
x04
What is the difference between dental prophylaxis, a professional dental cleaning, and periodontal therapy?
dental prophy = performed on HEALTHY mouth to prevent dental dz
PDC = performed on pt with plaque and calculus to some of teeth and/or mild gingivitis but for the most part, healthy mouth
periodontal therapy = tx of tooth-supporting structures where peridontal dx exists.
COHAT encompasses all of those 3.
what is the FIRST and most important step to a successful PDC?
performing a good, thorough oral EXAM to assess the dental status of the pt and develop a tx plan then COMMUNICATE possible outcomes, risks, and costs with the client.
describe the “normal” occlusion
scissor bite
small overlap of maxillary incisors over mandibular incisors.
how can you ensure patient safety during a dental procedure?
protected airway
general anesthesia
proper monitoring
good warming protocol
Prior to removing large chunks of calculus with extraction forceps, what should you do?
rinse the mouth with an antiseptic, chlorohex-based solution
why are dental radiographs so important?
1/2 of the tooth is beneath the gingiva (not visible), so many patients that appear clinically normal actually have dental pathology beneath the gingiva that could be detected via radiographs.
Also, in patients who have abnormalities that are detectable without radiographs, the radiographs can help determine the full extent of abnormalities and/or additional ones.
how long can you leave the ultrasonic scaler on a tooth?
no longer than 8-10 seconds.
When do you use hand scalers or currettes in reference to ultrasonic scaling?
AFTER ultrasonic scaling
Describe the ends of curets.
they have rounded, blunted tips that make them suitable for going subgingival
Curved sickle scalers can be used in what location of the tooth?
supragingival ONLY because the end is sharp, not rounded + blunt.
why do we do periodontal probing?
measure depth of gingival sulcus to give us information about the extent of periodontal disease.
Why must we polish the teeth after scaling?
removing calculus causes microscopic etching of the tooth. the etching increases retention of plaque and calculus
polishing smooths the surface and decreases plaque/calculus retention.
What is the purpose of applying barrier sealant?
adheres to enamel and seals gingival sulcus.
