ORAL MEDICINE

Question 1

Oral medicine focuses on care for patients with chronic, recurrent and medically related disorders of the orofacial region that are distinct from disease of the?

Answer 1

Periodontal and tooth tissues.

Question 2

The scope of practice for oral medicine includes conditions affecting the?

Answer 2

1. Oral soft tissues
2. Salivary glands
3. Neurological tissues
4. Facial musculoskeletal tissues

Question 3

name this feature

Answer 3

sublingual fold

Question 4

name this feature

Answer 4

sublingual caruncle

Question 5

name this feature

Answer 5

parotid papila

Question 6

What is the name of the papillae that sit on the lateral border of the tongue, and the papillae that sit of one the posterior dorsum?

Answer 6

Foliate papillae on the lateral border and vallate papillae on the posterior dorsum.

Question 7

name this feature

Answer 7

tauris manibularis

Question 8

name this feature

Answer 8

taurus palatinus

Question 9

name this feature

Answer 9

lingual varicosities

Question 10

name this feature

Answer 10

fordyce spots

Question 11

name this feature

Answer 11

leukodema

Question 12

name this feature

Answer 12

geographic tongue

Question 13

name this feature

Answer 13

brown hairy tongue

Question 14

name this feature

Answer 14

amalgam tattoo

Question 15

name this feature

Answer 15

oral vascular malformation

Question 16

what is the name of this hereditary white lesion?

Answer 16

Genodermatoses, (autosomal dominant). May affect different sites

1. Oesophageal
2. Nasal
3. Genital
4. Ano-rectal mucosa
5. Skin
6. Nails
7. Hair
8. Teeth not affected

Question 17

what is the name of this condition, aetiology,

epidemiology,

signs and symptoms,

clinical features?

Answer 17

1. Leukoedema
2. Secondary to low grade mucosal irritation
3. Asymptomatic
4. Buccal and labial mucosa filmy white/grey appearance

Question 18

what is the name of this condition:

its aetiology,

signs and symptoms,

clinical features,

and management?

Answer 18

1. Epitheliolysis
2. Secondary to mucosal irritation by toothpaste and mouthwash
3. Asymptomatic
4. Strands of gelatinous milky white material
5. Explanation of condition, avoidance of sodium lauryl sulphate

Question 19

what is the name of this condition: its aetiology

signs and symptoms,

clinical features,

and management?

Answer 19

1. Traumatic keratosis
2. Secondary to physical (frictional), chemical, thermal irritation
3. Asymptomatic, affected area may feel rough or ridged to the patients tongue
4. White plaque not removed by rubbing/scraping
5. Explanation of condition, management/removal of cause. If lesions does not resolve – biopsy

Question 20

what is the name of this condition: its aetiology

signs and symptoms,

clinical features,

and management?

Answer 20

1. Stomatitis nicotina
2. Smoking related M>F (60 percent pipe smokers, 30% cigarette)
3. Asymptomatic
4. Generalised white/greyish white appearance of the hard palate extending onto the soft palate.
5. Smoking cessation

Question 21

Oral lichen planus is common in the mouth, which other sites can lichen planus affect?

Answer 21

1. Skin
2. Scalp
3. Nails
4. Genitals

Question 22

Oral lichen planus/lichenoid reactions can be investigated, how?

Answer 22

1. Diagnostics can be made on clinical grounds if presentation is classical
2. Biopsy
3. Swabs if suspect super-added candida
4. Blood tests if associated disease suspected

Question 23

Which medications are the common culprits for lichenoid reactions?

Answer 23

1. Antihypertensives
2. Oral hypoglycaemics
3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 24

What are the risk factors for malignant transformation in lichen planus/lichenoid reactions?

Answer 24

1. Smoking
2. Alcohol
3. Erythematous lesions and their location in tongue margins

Question 25

In simple terms what mechanism underlies lichenoid reactions to restorative materials?

Answer 25

Hypersensitivity

Question 26

What is graft versus host disease?

Answer 26

GVHD occurs when the donors T-cells (the graft) view the patients healthy cells (the host) as foreign, and attack and damage them.

Question 27

What other diseases seem to be associated with lichen planus?

Answer 27

1. Ulcerative colitis 2. Alopecia 3. Areata (bald patchy) 4. Vitiligo (skin loses pigment) 5. Dermatomyositis 6. Mophea (rare skin condition characterized by small red or purple patches that develop firm white or ivory centres) 7. Lichen sclerosis 8. Myasthenia gravis

Question 28

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

Answer 28

SLE is the must common type of lupus. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels. There is no cure for lupus, nut medical interventions and lifestyle changes can help control it.

Question 29

what is the name of this condition?

Answer 29

Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV4) and occurs usually in persons who are immunocompromised, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). – biopsy, HIV testing should be offered.

Question 30

What is the name of this condition?

Answer 30

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis is a classic form of oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as thrush. Overall, this is the most common type of oral candidiasis, accounting for a about 35% of oral candidiasis. White patches removed by scraping leaving an erythematous /bleeding base

Question 31

What are the underlying local and/or systemic predisposing factors for pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush)

Answer 31

1. Dry mouth 2. Steroid inhaler use 3. Anaemia 4. Nutritional deficiency 5. Diabetes 6. Immunosuppressed/immunocompromised 7. Extremes of age

Question 32

What are the investigation methods for candidosis?

Answer 32

1. Full blood count 2. Serum b12, folate, ferritin 3. HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) 4. TSH

Question 33

Is this form of candidiasis chronic or acute?

Answer 33

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

Question 34

What is the name of this condition?

Answer 34

Acute erythematous candidiasis

Question 35

name this condition and its treatment?

Answer 35

Angular cheilitis Topical antifungals such as nystatin, clotrimazole, or econazole.

Question 36

Name this condition and its treatment?

Answer 36

Denture stomatitis – anti-fungal medication

Question 37

name this condition and its treatment?

Answer 37

Median rhomboid glossitis No treatment is necessary, unless symptomatic then antifungal medication may be prescribed to kill yeast.