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Dentistry year 3: Semester 6 > Molar Endodontic Course - ALL LECTURES > Flashcards

Molar Endodontic Course - ALL LECTURES Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name given to the branches that connect between main root canals

A

isthmus

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2
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth with one root canal

A

type 1

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3
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth where two root canals converge in to one

A

type 2

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4
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth where one root canal diverges in to two canals and then rejoins to form one canal

A

type 3

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5
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth where there is two root canals apically

A

type 4

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6
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth with one root canal, whichdiverges in two roots apically

A

type 5

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7
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth with two root canals, chich crossover form one root, and then split to form two root canals at the apex.

A

type 6

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8
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth with one root canal, diverges to form two root canals, then crosses over to form root, then diverges to form two roots at the apex

A

type 7

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9
Q

Vertucci’s canal configurations classifies canals.

which classification is given to a tooth with three root canals

A

type 8

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10
Q

whats the difference between an accessory canal and a lateral canal

A

an accessory canal is defined as a fine branch of the pulp canal that diverged at an oblique angle from the main canal to exit into the periodontal ligament space, whilst a lateral canal was defined as a branch diverging at almost right angles from the main canal

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11
Q

accessory canals occur in three distinct patterns in the mandibular first molars.

where is the accessory canal located in this image

A

accessory canal in the furcation region

it is thought these furcations occur in 13% of cases

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12
Q

accessory canals occur in three distinct patterns in the mandibular first molars.

where is the accessory canal located in this image

A

lateral canal extends from the coronal third of a major root canal to the furcation region.

this type occuring in 23% of cases

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13
Q

accessory canals occur in three distinct patterns in the mandibular first molars.

where is the accessory canal located in this image

A

have lateral and furcation canals

10%

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14
Q

the upper right 6, 7 has the potential to have how many canals each

A

4

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15
Q

what is the genreal rule when dealing with measurements. what is the measurement from the pulpal floor to furcation

A

3mm

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16
Q

what is the genreal rule when dealing with measurements. what is the measurement of the pulp chamber height in mandibular and maxillary molars

A

mandibular molars 1.5mm

maxillary molars 2mm

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17
Q

what is the genreal rule when dealing with measurements. what is the measurement from the buccal cusp to pulp chamber roof height

A

mandibular and maxillary 6mm

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18
Q

maxillary first molars have 3 roots what are there locations

A

palatal, mesiobuccal and distobuccal

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19
Q

the first mesiobuccal canal i sunder which landmark

A

usually under the tip of the mesiobuccal cusp

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20
Q

the three canal orifices, located in the maxillary first molars are located in which portion of the tooth

A

mesial portion of the tooth

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21
Q

what is the name of the canal that diverges then meets the canal again

A

2nd MB canal of the upper maxillary first molar

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22
Q

the maxillary second molar, commonly has 3 roots and 3 canals (56.9%)

however, sometimes it has three roots and 4 canals (22.7%) where is the 4th canal located?

A

4th canal represents a 2nd mesiobuccal canal

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23
Q

the maxillary second molar very rarely has 4 roots with 4 canals (1.4%)

where would the 4th root be located

A

palatally

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24
Q

how many roots do mandibular first molars have

A

2 well fomed roots

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25
Q

how many canals are there in the mesial root of the mandibular 1st molar

A

mesial root has two canals (buccal and lingual)

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26
Q

what must we always look for in all mandibular first molars

A

look for 4 canals

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27
Q

how many canals does the distal root have of a mandibular 1st molar

A

distal root has 1 or 2 canals

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28
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two seperate canals on the mesial root of a mandibular 1st molar

28%

59%

12%

1%

A

59%

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29
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two seperate canals joining to form a single formaen, on the mesial root of a mandibular 1st molar

28%

59%

12%

1%

A

28%

30
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding a single canal on the mesial root of a mandibular 1st molar

28%

59%

12%

1%

A

12%

31
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding three seperate canals on the mesial root of a mandibular 1st molar

28%

59%

12%

1%

A

1%

32
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding one canal on the distal root of a mandibular 1st molar

15%

70%

5%

A

70%

33
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two canals joining in to one, on the distal root of a mandibular 1st molar

15%

70%

5%

A

15%

34
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two seperate canals on the distal root of a mandibular 1st molar

15%

70%

5%

A

5%

35
Q

hw many roots do mandibular second molars have

A

two roots

36
Q

how many canals do mandibular second molars have

A

usually three

37
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding a single canal on the mesial root of a mandibular 2nd molar

27%

38%

35%

A

27%

38
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two canals joining in the mesial root of a mandibular 2nd molar

27%

38%

35%

A

38%

39
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two seperate canals on the mesial root of a mandibular 2nd molar

27%

38%

35%

A

35%

40
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding a single canal on the distal root of a mandibular 2nd molar

92%

3%

5%

A

92%

41
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two canals joining on the distal root of a mandibular 2nd molar

92%

3%

5%

A

3%

42
Q

what is the percentage chance of finding two seperate canals on the distal root of a mandibular 2nd molar

92%

3%

5%

A

5%

43
Q

the access cavity design for maxillary molars is described as a blunted triangle.

which region does the base of the triangle sit towards and the apex of the trainagle.

A

base of triangle dowards buccal

apex of triangle towards palatal

the access cavity is entirely within the mesial half of the tooth

44
Q

which molar is being prepared for an access cavity

A

mandibular molars

45
Q

Which file is used for coronal flaring?

A

SX file

46
Q

By flaring coronal third using an SX file, you will achieve what by removing the triangles of dentine?

A

Straight-line access.

47
Q

What is the order in work when doing the coronal 2/3s shaping?

A
  1. Flood access cavity with sodium hypochlorite
  2. Use SX (300rpm, 2Ncm) to create straight line access
  3. Irrigate sodium hypochlorite
  4. Glide path with size 8 or 10 flexofile with paste – precurve tip
  5. Expand glide path using proglider (300rpm, 2nm)
  6. Irrigate with sodium hypochlorite
  7. Shape coronal 2/3s with s1 (300rpm, 4ncm), brush, follow, irrigate, recapitulate, irrigate.
  8. Shape coronal 2/3s with s2, brush, follow, irrigate, recapitulate, irrigate
48
Q

Which file would be used to determine the working length in a apex locator?

A

10 flexofile.

49
Q

What must you do when taking the working length? Record the length and the reference point in patients’ records

A

(cuspal tip)

50
Q

What is the order in work when shaping the apical 1/3?

A
  1. Take glide path to WL
  • Ensure size 10 flexofile is loose at WL
  • Expand glide path using proglider (300rpm 2 Ncm)
  1. Irrigate with sodium hypochlorite
  2. Use S1 (300rpm, 4Ncm) brush, follow to WL, irrigate, recapityulate, irrigate
  3. Use S2 (300rpm, 4Ncm) brush, follow to WL, irrigate, recapitulate, irrigate.
51
Q

What is the order when finishing the apical third?

A
  1. Use F1 (300rpm 4Ncm) to WL, follow, brush
  2. Gauge with size 20 flexofile and inspect F1 file for debris on apical flutes
  3. Irrigate, recapitulate, irrigate
  4. When required use F2 to WL and repeat apical gauging procedure
  5. Continue until the correct apical size has been achieved for each canals.
52
Q

What is the final irrigation procedure?

A
  1. 3mL sodium hypochlorite (+ultrasonic activation)
  2. 3mL citric acid (ultrasonic activation)
  3. 3mL sodium hypochlorite
  4. Dry canals with corresponding size of paper points and dress with non-setting calcium hydroxide, cotton wool/sponge, coltosol, glass ionomer.
53
Q

What is the process for obturation?

A
  1. When patient returns check dressing is intact and that symptoms have improved, and sinus is present should have healed.
  2. Give LA, place rubber dam ad remove dressing
  3. Irrigate canals with citric acid to remove calcium hydroxide paste – leave canals wet
  4. Select correct size of gutta percha master points, measure to correct WL and place in the canals and take a radiograph (known as trial point or master apical cone radiograph)
  5. Have this checked by supervisor and carry out a repeat final irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, sodium hypochlorite
  6. Dry the canals with correct size of paper points measured to WL before obturating
  7. Always use minimum amount of sealer and lateral compaction using a size B finger spreader and size b accessory cones.
54
Q

How would you obturate converging canals?

A
  1. One GP should be placed to full working length, the second GP is carefully inserted as far as possible – this will be short of WL
  2. Remove this GP point and measure how short it is, cut this length off from the apical end of the GP and place in the canal.
  3. It should now reach the point of merger – take a trial cone radiograph (using MBD to separate canals)
55
Q

What are you wanting to eliminate during the disinfection process?

A
  1. Pulp tissue
  2. Microbes
  3. Irritants
  4. Smear layer – dental mud and biofilm
56
Q

In oval shaped canals, what percentage of the walls can be contacted by instruments?

A

40%

57
Q

What are the properties of an ideal irrigant?

A
  1. Broad antimicrobial spectrum against anaerobic and facultative microbes organised in biofilms
  2. Dissolve necrotic pulp tissue remnants
  3. Dissolve smear layer
  4. Be systemically nontoxic
  5. Non caustic to periodontal tissues
  6. Little potential to cause anaphylactic reaction
58
Q

Entrance to root canals and floor of pulp is sealed to prevent coronal leakage, what two materials can be used to seal the pulpal floor?

A
  1. Resin modified GI (vitrebond)
  2. Smart dentine replacement (SDR)
59
Q

What is the process to provide a coronal seal?

A
  1. Clean access cavity with alcohol on microbrush.
  2. Etch and bond access cavity
  3. Place SDR in pulp chamber and access cavity
  4. Leave 2mm to be filled with conventional composite if an indirect restoration is not prescribed
60
Q

For root canal, clinical and radiographic follow up at least ? year after treatment?

A

1 year

61
Q

What is an endodontic emergency?

A

Defined as a pain or swelling caused by various stages of inflammation or infection of the pulpal or periapical tissues

62
Q

What are the causes of an endodontic emergency?

A

Usually caries, deep or defective restorations.

63
Q

At what stages can you experience endodontic pain?

A
  1. Pre-treatment pain
  2. Inter-appointment pain
  3. Pain immediately following obturation
  4. Pain occurring some time latter associated with a previously treated tooth.
64
Q

What is the maximum dose of ibuprofen over the counter and what is the maximum dosage dentist can prescribe?

A

Over the counter 1.2g dentist 2.4g

65
Q

What is the maximum dosage of paracetamol?

A

4g

66
Q

What is the dosage for amoxicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and metronidazole for endodontic pain?

A
  1. Amoxicillin: 1 x 500 mg capsule 3 times daily.
  2. Phenoxymethylpenicillin: 2 x 250 mg tablets 4 times daily
  3. Metronidazole: 1 x 400 mg tablet 3 times daily
67
Q

What is the pre-treatment pain plan?

A
  1. Identify the problem – patient complaining of….
  2. Take/update the medical history
  3. Locate the source (if possible) – subjective and objective examination
  4. Make a diagnosis
  5. Emergency treatment to relieve pain.
68
Q

What are the pre-treatment pain – differential diagnosis?

A
  1. Dentine hypersensitivity
  2. Reversible pulpitis
  3. Irreversible pulpitis
  4. Systematic periapical periodontitis
  5. Acute apical abscess
  6. Pain from previously treated tooth
  7. Pain of non-odontogenic origin
  8. Pain associated with trauma
69
Q

What is dentine hypersensitivity?

A

An exaggerated response to application of a stimulus to exposed dentine regardless of its location. It is a short, sharp pain from exposed dentine in response to stimuli which cannot be ascribed to any other dental defect or pathology. Caused by rapid flow in dentinal tubules, which results in the hydrodynamic activation of A delta fibres.

70
Q

What is emergency pulpotomy method?

A
  1. LA
  2. Place rubber dam
  3. Completely open pulp chamber
  4. Wash gently with sodium hypochlorite
  5. Amputate coronal pulp using high speed
  6. Wash and dry with cotton wool (never with 3 in 1)
  7. Seal with odontopaste/ledermix into pulp chamber
71
Q
A

Dentistry year 3: Semester 6 (16 decks)

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