Oral Language Flashcards
Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness
the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words
A student can hear that /b/ makes first sound in the word “blue”
Reading Comprehension
the ability to read a text and understand its meaning
Phoneme
the smallest individual sounds in a word
The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.
Morpheme
A group of sounds that makes sense when spoken or written and can’t be broken down into smaller parts. This includes the beginnings and ends of words.
Overgeneralization
when a language rule is used in a place where it shouldn’t be
Sentence Stems
Common sentence starters provided to students to use when generalizing, summarizing, or transitioning between ideas.
“According to the author…”
Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation
the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”
Oral Language Assessment
Listen to, study, and write down short bits of students’ spoken language to figure out what they need, what they’re good at, what interests them, and what they should do next to help them grow.
Phonetics
the sounds of human speech
Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle
Using how the symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language work together to read and write.
Informal Language
language appropriate for texts and emails to friends
Language Experience Approach (LEA)
Uses personal stories and spoken language to help people learn to read and write. Materials are made by the students themselves.
Cognates
Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.
family-familia; computer-computadora, and bicycle-bicicleta
Tone
The attitude of the author in writing, and which might be comical, serious, frightening, joyful. Sometimes called diction.
Formal Language
language appropriate for essays and written responses to literature
Syntax
There are rules for how words are put together to make statements, clauses, and sentences.
Orthography
Spelling patterns of language
Semantics
The study of word or symbol meaning.
“love” which has many different meanings in English
Literal vs figurative meaning of “Raining cats and dogs”
Morphology
The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
The word “bicycles” is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.
Pragmatics
The study of how language is used, not how it is put together. Also called “the right way to use language.”
Oral Language
The system that relates sounds to meanings through communicating by word of mouth.
Code-Switching
the ability to change the way you communicate depending on what is appropriate for the situation
students use “U” for you in text messages, but should use “you” in classwork
Cultural Language Variations
Cultural differences in words are caused by things that happen in a student’s life.
Growth Chart
a tool for assessing a students mastery of oral language skills
Phonology
the way sounds in languages are put together in a planned way
Reading Fluency
The ability to read at the right speed, with the right precision, and in the right tone
Modeling
an instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a concept or skill and students learn by observing
Literature Circles
A method where a teacher puts students into small groups to talk about the same book.
Vocabulary / Vocabulary Development
the ability to effectively know and use words in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing
Language Acquisition
the process by which individuals learn a language
Clarity / Word Choice
Use words or other ways of putting things together to make sure the message gets across.
Dialect
form of a language particular to a specific region or community
Active Listening
way of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to avoid confusion. It includes attending, listening, and responding.
