Conventions Flashcards
Conventional Spelling
When children know and use most basic spelling rules and spell most words correctly.
Writing: Transitional Stage
5–6: Third writing stage. Writes a word or syllable with one letter, usually the first. Learns basic punctuation.
Homophones
words that are pronounced the same as another word but have a different meaning and may be spelled differently
carat, carrot, caret: to, too, two
Etymology
the study of the origin and history of words
Precise (Writing)
in writing, a sentence that contains specific details and avoids wordy descriptions
turquoise instead of light bluish green
Semiphonetic Spelling
Students have some letter awareness, but are unable to use all letters in the word.
Spell “play” p-a
Writing: Pre-Conventional Stage
First stage of writing (ages 2-5). Child is aware that drawings and prints have specific meaning.
Transition Words
Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together.
First, next, last, on the other hand
Writing: Emergent Stage
Second stage of writing (ages 4-5). Understands that what is said (speech) can be written and that print moves from left to right rather than randomly on a page
Tense
words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time
Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak.
Writing: Proficient Stage
Fifth writing stage (ages 7–9). Knows how to write for different goals and audiences and can do so
Connotation
the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys
Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.
Dialogue Tag
followed or preceded by a comma or punctuation mark, with quotation marks around the quotation
As Mark exited the highway, he thought, “I hope this is the right way.”
Precommunicative Spelling
Students use scribble shapes and sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms
Invented Spelling
Child’s attempt to spell based on best judgement
Demonstrative Pronoun
this, that, these, those
These boxes are ready for shipment. Those boxes aren’t.
Writing: Conventional Stage
Fourth stage of writing (ages 6-7). Demonstrates more control over many aspects of the writing process.
Direct Quotation
an exact reproduction of the words of an author or a speaker that are set-off in quotation marks
Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”
Phonetic Spelling
Students spell the way they hear the word pronounced
Spell “made” m-a-d
Transitional Spelling
Students spell some words in a standard way, but they still misspell a lot of odd words.
Paraphrased Quotation
The author shows what was said without necessarily repeating the exact words of the speaker.
The president said he would pay teachers more.
Paralanguage
includes pitch, loudness, and tone.
