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CDS Restorative Dentistry BDS1 > Oral Hygiene Instruction > Flashcards

Oral Hygiene Instruction Flashcards

1
Q

what is the appearance of healthy gingiva?

A

pink stippled gingiva with good tone and absence of bleeding on brushing or probing

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2
Q

what is the appearance of gingivitis?

A

plaque-induced inflammation of the gingivae characterised by red, swollen tissues which bleed on brushing or probing

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3
Q

what is the definition of plaque-induced gingivitis?

A

an inflammatory response of the gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation located at and below the gingival margin

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4
Q

what are the clinical signs of plaque-induced gingivitis?

A

bleeding on probing, high plaque score, high bleeding scores, gingival swelling and redness

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5
Q

what does the patient notice with plaque-induced gingivitis?

A

blood in saliva, bleeding with toothbrushing and interdental cleaning, bad breath

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6
Q

what are the key points of plaque-induced gingivitis?

A

reversible inflammation of the gingival tissues, swelling and bleeding at the gingival margins, risk factor for periodontitis, probing depths <3mm, no attachment loss, no radiographic bone loss

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7
Q

what is the appearance of periodontitis?

A

inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth, loss of attachment, recession, bleeding on brushing and bone loss

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8
Q

what is the definition of periodontitis?

A

inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria which, in susceptible people, cause severe inflammation and loss of bone around the teeth

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9
Q

what are the clinical signs of periodontitis?

A

bleeding on probing, radiographic bone loss, gingival recession, probing depths >4mm

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10
Q

what does the patient notice with periodontitis?

A

blood in saliva, bleeding with toothbrushing and interdental cleaning, halitosis, black triangles, tooth movement

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11
Q

what are the key points of periodontitis?

A

inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth, bleeding on probing in active disease, probing depths >4mm, radiographic bone loss, susceptible patients most at risk for tooth loss, can be modified by systemic disease

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12
Q

what is the definition of caries?

A

a plaque-related disease, dependent on the presence of simple sugars in the diet, driven by frequency of eating simple carbohydrates, modified by fluoride, salivary flow and composition of saliva

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13
Q

what should be considered when assessing caries?

A

clinical evidence of previous disease, dietary habits, plaque control, social history, saliva, medial history, use of fluoride

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14
Q

what are the key points of caries?

A

dental plaque is a biofilm containing many species of bacteria, viruses and fungi, plaque bacteria metabolise dietary sugar into acid, over time acid causes demineralisation of enamel and dentine, reversible in early stages, irreversible when a cavity forms

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15
Q

what is plaque?

A

diverse community of microorgansims found on the tooth surface as a biofilm

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16
Q

what questions do you ask a patient to identify the oral hygiene regime?

A

how often do you brush your teeth? do you use a manual or powered toothbrush? what toothpaste do you use? do you clean in between your teeth with floss or interdental brushes? do you use any mouth rinse? do yu attend the dentist regularly? do you have your teeth cleaned by the dentist/hygienist?

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17
Q

how do you calculate a plaque score

A

number of surfaces with plaque x 100 / total number of teeth x 4

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18
Q

how you calculate a bleeding score

A

number of surfaces with bleeding x 100 / total number of teeth x 4

19
Q

how do you assess the presence of plaque?

A

run a probe gently round the entrance to the gingival sulcus

20
Q

what does chlorhexidine mouthwash do

A

reduce gingivitis and plaque build-up

21
Q

what concentration of fluoride in toothpaste should children up to the age of 18 use who are at STANDARD risk of caries?

A

1000-1500ppmF

22
Q

what concentration of fluoride in toothpaste should children aged 10 to 16 use who are at INCREASED risk of caries?

A

2800ppmF

23
Q

what are the different manual toothbrushing techniques?

A

fones, bass, modified bass, stillman, charters, scrub

24
Q

what is interdental cleaning important for?

A

prevention and control of periodontal disease

25
Q

what are the different methods of interdental cleaning?

A

dental floss, interdental brushes, flosettes, waterpik

26
Q

what are the 3 types of mouthwash?

A

antiseptic, plaque-inhibiting and preventive

27
Q

what is chlorhexidine?

A

a broad spectrum antiseptic that is bactericidal and effective against some yeasts and viruses

28
Q

when is chlorhexidine used?

A

in management of periodontal disease

29
Q

what are the side effects of chlorhexidine?

A

staining of teeth, taste disturbance

30
Q

give an example of chlorhexidine mouthwash

A

corsodyl

31
Q

give an example of plaque-inhibiting mouthwash?

A

listerine

32
Q

give an example of a preventive mouthwash

A

colgate fluorigard

33
Q

when are preventive mouthwashes used

A

daily use at a time other than brushing

34
Q

what does preventive mouthwash do?

A

early reversal of caries/prevent tooth caries

35
Q

give an example of preventive/plaque-inhibiting mouthwash

A

colgate total

36
Q

what are the steps of giving OHI

A

talk, instruct, practice, plan, support

37
Q

what is the talking stage of OHI

A

talk about causes of dental disease and discuss any barriers to effective plaque removal, use visual aid, talk about toothbrushing and interdental cleaning

38
Q

what is the instruct stage of OHI?

A

instruct patient on best ways to perform effective plaque removal, demonstrate in the patients mouth, patient holds mirror, show the patient how to systemically clean each tooth, show patient how to floss or use interdental brushes

39
Q

what is the practice stage of OHI?

A

ask the patient to clean his/her teeth and use the interdental cleaning aids whilst in the dental surgery, gives opportunity to correct technique or confirm that they are doing it correctly, boosts confidence

40
Q

what is the plan stage of OHI?

A

put in place a plan which specifies how the patient will incorporate oral hygiene into daily life

41
Q

what is the support stage of OHI?

A

provide support to the patient by following up at subsequent visits

42
Q

what is the standard prevention for OHI?

A

give toothbrushing advice at least once a year, brush 2x daily, use age appropriate toothpaste, spit don’t rise, supervise children until they can brush their teeth effectively, demonstrate brushing on child annually

43
Q

what is the enhanced prevention for OHI?

A

standard prevention AND at each recall, hands on brushing instruction to child and parent/carer, recommend use of 1350-1500ppmF toothpaste, keep a toothbrushing chart to record each time teeth brushed

CDS Restorative Dentistry BDS1 (8 decks)

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