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CDS Restorative Dentistry BDS1 > Clinical Development of the Dentition > Flashcards

Clinical Development of the Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

what is orthodontics?

A

the branch of dentistry concerned with facial growth with development of the dentition and occlusion and with the diagnosis, interception and treatment of occlusal anomalies

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2
Q

what are the 4 stages of development?

A

newborn, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition

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3
Q

what does the dentition of a newborn look like?

A

gum pads, upper rounded and lower U shaped, anterior open bite, skeletal class 2, mandible set back

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4
Q

what is skeletal class 1?

A

mandible is 2-3mm posterior to the maxilla

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5
Q

what is skeletal class 2?

A

mandible is retruded relative to the maxilla

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6
Q

what is skeletal class 3?

A

mandible is protruded relative to the maxilla

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7
Q

what is cleft lip and palate?

A

congenital defect with a large impact on the development of the dentition

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8
Q

what does the dentition appear as in a child with cleft lip and palate?

A

narrow maxilla, lateral incisor possible absent, crowding of teeth

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9
Q

when is the eruption of the primary dentition?

A

6 months - 3 years

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10
Q

what erupts first lowers or uppers?

A

lowers

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11
Q

what is the order of erupting teeth?

A

a-b-d-c-e

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12
Q

what is the first tooth to erupt and when?

A

central incisor (a) at 6-7 months

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13
Q

what is the second tooth erupt and when?

A

lateral incisor (b) at 7-8 months

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14
Q

what is the third tooth to erupt and when?

A

first molar (d) at 12-15 months

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15
Q

what is the fourth tooth to erupt and when?

A

canine (c) at 18-20 months

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16
Q

what is the fifth tooth to erupt and when?

A

second molar (e) at 24-36 months

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17
Q

what is characteristic of the primary dentition?

A

incisors more upright, spacing, marked wear towards the end, smaller and occupy less space, increasing overlap with front teeth

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18
Q

what are the quadrants of the primary dentiton?

A

5,6,7,8

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19
Q

why is it good to have more spacing in the primary dentition?

A

because the permanent dentition occupies more space

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20
Q

what is the mixed dentition?

A

mixture of primary and permanent teeth

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21
Q

what age does the mixed dentition present?

A

6-13

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22
Q

what age does the eruption of first molars and incisors take place?

A

6 - 8.5

23
Q

what age does the eruption of canines, premolars and second molars take place?

A

10 - 12.5

24
Q

what is supernumerary?

A

an extra tooth preventing the permanent tooth from erupting

25
Q

what is microdontia?

A

permanent teeth that are quite small

26
Q

what is macrodontia?

A

permanent teeth that are too big?

27
Q

what is an anterior crossbite?

A

a single upper stuck being the lowers

28
Q

what is increased overjet?

A

uppers stick out a bit so there is an increased risk of trauma

29
Q

what is reversed overjet?

A

lowers over uppers resulting in wear of front teeth

30
Q

what is posterior crossbite?

A

transverse problem, teeth shifted to one side and sometimes have a displacement

31
Q

what is the eruption pattern of lower canines, premolars and second molars?

A

3,4,5

32
Q

what is the eruption pattern of upper canines, premolars and second molars?

A

4,5,3

33
Q

why do canines take longer to come into the mouth?

A

they develop under the orbit and must travel further

34
Q

why does the arch increase posteriorly in length?

A

to accomodate the 6,7,8

35
Q

what is leeway space?

A

the difference in size between e,d,c and 3,4,5 typically in the maxilla

36
Q

what is transposition and where is it most common?

A

two permanent teeth become swapped over and almost always involves the upper canine due to it forming further up. most common between the 3 and 4

37
Q

what is a palatal ectopic canine?

A

the canine is unerupted and is under the palatal surface behind the 2

38
Q

what are the features of an ideal static occlusion in the permanent dentition?

A

incisors slightly proclined with lower incisal edge in contact with the cingulum of upper teeth, mesio-buccal cusp of upper permanent molar occludes with the buccal groove of he mandibular first molar, long axis of the teeth has a slight mesial inclination except the lower incisors, tight approximal contact, flat occlusal plane

39
Q

what are the four different incisor classifications?

A

class 1, class 2 division 1, class 2 division 2, class 3

40
Q

what is class 1 incisor classification?

A

the lower incisal edges occlude with or lie immediately belwo the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

41
Q

what is class 2 division 1 classification?

A

the lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, the upper centrals are proclined or of average inclination, the overjet is increased

42
Q

what is class 2 division 2 classification?

A

lower incisal edge lies posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, upper incisors are retroclined, the overjet is usually minimal but can be increased

43
Q

what is class 3 classification?

A

lower incisal edge lies anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, overjet is reduced or reversed

44
Q

what is overbite?

A

vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors when viewed anteriorly. one third to one half coverage of the lower incisors is normal

45
Q

what is crowding?

A

when there is insufficient space to accommodate the teeth in perfect alignment

46
Q

what is hypodontia?

A

congenital absence of one or more teeth

47
Q

what is reverse overjet?

A

lower incisors lie anterior to upper incisors

48
Q

what is a supernumerary tooth?

A

an additional tooth to the normal series

49
Q

what is malocclusion?

A

variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health and/or psychosocial implications for the individual

50
Q

what is ideal occlusion?

A

anatomically perfect arrangement of the teeth

51
Q

what is normal occlusion?

A

acceptable variation from ideal occlusion

52
Q

what is a buccal crossbite?

A

the buccal cusps of the lower premolars and/or molars occlude buccally to the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and/or molars

53
Q

what are natal teeth?

A

a tooth which is present at birth or erupts soon after

54
Q

what is a macrodont

A

abnormally large tooth

CDS Restorative Dentistry BDS1 (8 decks)

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