Periodontal Disease Flashcards
what is periodontology?
the study of the periodontal tissues in health and disease; including the causes, prevention and treatment of diseases of the periodontal tissues
name the 4 periodontal tissues
gingiva, PDL, root cementum, alveolar bone
what do the periodontal tissues make up?
periodontium
what is periodontal disease?
a group of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues, representing an immune reaction (innate and adaptive) to adjacent microbial plaque
what is inflammation?
biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
what are the symptoms of periodontal disease?
bleeding on brushing, halitosis, recession and sensitivity, drifting teeth, mobility
what are the signs of periodontal disease?
bleeding on gentle probing, erythema, swelling, fibrosis, loss of knife edge margin, halitosis, bone loss, increased clinical probing depths - true pocket formation, recession, mobility/drifting teeth, purulence
what are the main factors associated with periodontal disease?
general health, function of the immune system, additional pathological conditions, genetics
what general health conditions contribute to periodontal disease?
stress, fatigue, smoking, diet, medications, hygienic habits
what pathological conditions contribute to periodontal disease?
viral infections, bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus, hypoxia, liver diseases
what is the keystone-pathogen hypothesis?
certain low-abundance microbial pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by increasing the quantity of the normal microbiota and by changing its composition and by interfering with the host immune system
what is the keystone-pathogen for periodontal disease?
P. gingivalis
how does P. gingivalis manipulate the host immune system?
TLR response manipulation, IL-8 subversion, the corruption of the complement system and the ability to invade keratinocytes
what is a biofilm?
an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other on a surface
