Endodontic Diseases Flashcards
what is endodontics?
it encompasses the study of the basic and clinical sciences of normal dental pulp, the aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the dental pulp along with associated peri-radicular conditions
where is pulpal disease?
inside the tooth
where is apical disease?
around the root of the tooth
where is serious odontogenic infection?
inside and around the tooth
what is the dental pulp?
an unmineralised tissue composed of soft connective tissue, vascular, lymphatic and nervous elements that occupies the central pulp cavity of each tooth. It is soft tissue encased in hard tissue
what happens if the pulp becomes inflamed/infected?
it has nowhere to go because it is contained inside the enamel and dentine
what is apical periodontitis
an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root, which is caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth
what is tooth decay (caries)
destruction of dental hard tissue by acid produced by bacteria utilising dietary sugar
what is pulpitis and what is the result of this?
inflammation of the pulp and it results in toothache
what is another name of inflamed ligaments?
apical periodontitis
how does apical periodontitis occur?
progresses to bone loss around the apex of the tooth, bacteria spreads down pulp and root and into the bone, osteoclasts eat the bacteria but also the bone around the bacteria which causes bone resorption
what is result of a quick formation of a dental abscess?
accumulation of pus
what is a chronic apical abscess?
slowly forming abscess
what are the symptoms of an acute apical abscess?
lots of pain and rapid swelling
what are the warning signs of abscesses and cellulitis?
malaise, fever, cellulitis, lymphadenopathy, progressive and persistent swelling
what is a dental abscess?
a localised collection of pus that forms inside the teeth or gums which essentially initiate from bacterial infection
what are the intraoral features of a dental abscess?
pain, swelling and erythema
what are the extraoral symptoms of a dental abscess?
fever, swelling, tenderness to palpation, regional lymph node enlargement, spasm in the muscles in addition to trismus, hoarseness and drooling
what teeth is orbital cellulitis associated with?
upper canines and premolars
what is a cyst?
fluid filled cavity
what can oral cysts lead to?
fracture of the jaw
what do oral cysts arise from?
cell rests of malassez, in the periodontal ligament usually in response to inflammation after pulp death
what are the different treatments for endodontic disease?
root canal treatment, root canal re-treatment, peri radicular surgery, extraction, incision and drainage
what is root canal treatment?
taking the nerve out the tooth and wash out with bleach, disinfecting the site of the tooth
what is root canal re-treatment?
when root treatment done the first time sodium hypochlorite wasn’t used to kill the bacteria so the pulp gets infected again
what is peri radicular surgery?
around the apex of the tooth, can cut out the infection and sew it back up again
name 3 potential complications of endodontic infections
septicaemia, brain abscess, bacterial endocarditis
