Oral hygiene

Question 1

Why are fix appliances a risk for demineralization?

Answer 1

Due to the plaque accumulation around the bracket base

Question 2

When is demineralization most communally seen?

Answer 2

Demineralization is more commonly seen on the buccal surfaces of orthodontically treated teeth than on untreated teeth

Question 3

Why is there s higher risk of demineralization with fix appliances?

Answer 3

• Metallic brackets have been found to involve specific changes in the oral environment
• decreases in pH
• increases in plaque accumulation that further increase the risk of demineralisation

Question 4

What is the role of Fluoride?

Answer 4

• fluoride has a role as an inhibitor of demineralisation
  presence of fluoride in solution at the time of acidic attack on the enamel may considerably slow down the rates of decay

Question 5

What can reduce the way spots development?

Answer 5

Fluoride supplements and good OH

Question 6

What is the recommended Mouth wash and when to use ?

Answer 6

Use of an essential oil mouthwash such as Listerine-antimicrobial activity can access hard to reach areas as a adjunct to brushing

rinse twice a day with 20 ml of Listerine with fluoride in addition to brushing and flossing.

Question 7

Incidence of white spots?

Answer 7

2 -96% during treatment

Question 8

What is the concentration of the fluoride rinse?

Answer 8

0.025% sodium fluoride

Question 9

What is microabrasion?

Answer 9

Microabrasion is an effective treatment for cosmetic improvement of long- standing white spot lesions however, this technique has the disadvantage of being invasive-removal of surface layer with 18% Hydrochloric acid and pumice slurry

Question 10

Oral Hygiene - definition

Answer 10

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping
the mouth clean and healthy by brushing
and flossing to prevent TOOTH DECAY
and gum disease

Question 11

Oral Hygiene Problems

Answer 11

Plaque
Calculus 
Gingivitis 
Periodontitis
Caries

Question 12

Plaque - what is it made of?

Answer 12

Plaque = 70% bacteria

Question 13

How does Plaque form?

Answer 13

• Bacteria stick to pellicle within 3hrs
• Multiply rapidly
• Frequent consumption of sugars encourage bacteria to multiply - increases thickness of plaque
• Plaque converts sugars to acid

Question 14

What is the most common plaque organism?

Answer 14

streptococcus mutans

Question 15

Calculus - how is it formed?

Answer 15

If left, plaque can absorb minerals from saliva causing it to harden to become calculus (tartar)

Question 16

What is it calculus made of?

Answer 16

70-90% inorganic material, crystalline and amorphous calcium phosphate

Question 17

What are the effects off calculus ?

Answer 17

Build up of calculus can lead to periodontal disease

Question 18

What is Gingivitis?

Answer 18

Inflammation of the gum margin

Question 19

Gingivitis - signs?

Answer 19

Redness, swelling and bleeding on brushing

Question 20

What dose prolonged gingivitis lead to ?

Answer 20

Periodontal disease

Question 21

What is Periodontal disease?

Answer 21

where the supporting tissues and bone to the teeth are damaged/destroyed

Question 22

What is Chronic Periodontitis ?

Answer 22

Break down of the bone can lead tooth mobility and are in danger of falling out –

Question 23

Caries - Definition?

Answer 23

A hole or weak spot in the tooth surface caused by decay

It is a progressive destructive disease

Question 24

How do caries form?

Answer 24

Demineralization - starts in the tooth enamel

Decay spreads to the dentine and then to the pulp

Question 25

Erosion - what is it and how is formed?

Answer 25

Teeth are eaten away.
Acid may come from foods, drinks or sometimes from our stomach
Acidic- low Ph – dissolves minerals out of the hard enamel surfaces making teeth thin and sensitive

Question 26

Erosion - what causes it?

Answer 26

Drinks - fizzy and acidic drinks (coke, fresh orange juices)
Food - fruit and pickles
Bulimic patients