Oral/Esophageal Pathology Flashcards
Irritation fibroma pathology
chronic irritation
reactive proliferation of squamous tissue and underlying subepithelium
Apthous ulcers
canker sores
Pyogenic granuloma
looks like hemangioma
on gingiva of children, pregnant women, and young adults
Glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
beefy red appearance of tongue
atrophy of tongue, thinning of papillae
Benign migratory glossitis
geographic tongue
smooth red patches migrate over time
Bisphosphonate-realted osteomecrosis of jaw
jaw necrosis secondary to biphosphate medicaiton used to treat osteoporosis
Hairy leukoplakia
white confluent hyperkaratosis on lateral sides
cannot be scraped off
secondary to EBV in immunocompromised patients
not mono, different manifestation
may be pre-cancerous
Squamous papilloma
related to HPV infection
may undergo malignant transformation
hyperplastic squamous cell
fibrovascular core
Erythroplakia
precancerous red patch in oral cavity
tobacco use association
Actinic cheilitis
actinic keratosis of lower lip
loss of demarcation between vermillion border of skin and lip
Most common cancer of head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma
“field effect” of cancerization
smoking + drinking = bad synergy
HPV association
First sign of head/neck squamous cell carcinoma
enlarged cervical lymph node
HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma of head/neck
prognosis
HPV > non-HPV
HPV do better
p-16 stain to determine if HPV-related
(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor)
Mucomycosis
invasive fungal infection of paranasal sinuses
immunosupressed and DM
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
vascular + fibrous tissue
young men, nosebleeds
Sinonasal papillomas
squamous or columnar
inverted recur more often
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
rare
often EBV-caused
mets to cervical lymph nodes often
Laryngitis causes
anything that causes inflammation
(viral, bacterial, etc)
Cervical node involvement in head and neck cancer
cystic degeneration may be present in center of node
should not just do fine needle of center, dead debris
be sure to Bx edge of node to look for metastisis
Mucocele
trauma of minor salivary gland
leaks into surrounding tissue
⇒ mucocele
Tumor that has 2 distinctive layers
Warthin tumor
eosinophilic with lymphoid stroma
Mucoepidermoid carinoma
most common malignancy in salivary gland
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
metastisis to neural structures
50% metastisis despite resections
Esophageal reflux
often due to chronic inflammation
Zenker’s diverticulum
false diverticulum
only mucosa and submucosa
Secondary achalasia due to
Chaga’s
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
longitudinal mucosal esophageal lacerations
bleed
Boerhaave-syndrome if rupturing to cause pneumomediastinum
Reflux esophagitis
due to GERD, can ulcerate and Barrett’s
Eosinophilic esophagitis
very common
atopic association
different manifestations: GERD, etc
may have elevated peripheral blood eosinophils
Barrett’s esophagus
conversion from squamous to metaplastic columnar epithelium (as seen in stomach)
goblet cell metaplasia on endoscopic and histology
signifigance: common
⇒ ADENOCARCINOMA increased risk
Esophageal adeocarcinoma
cause
Barrett’s esophagus
almost always in the context of longstanding GERD
