Oral/Esophageal Pathology

Question 1

Irritation fibroma pathology

Answer 1

chronic irritation

reactive proliferation of squamous tissue and underlying subepithelium

Question 2

Apthous ulcers

Answer 2

canker sores

Question 3

Pyogenic granuloma

Answer 3

looks like hemangioma

on gingiva of children, pregnant women, and young adults

Question 4

Glossitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the tongue

beefy red appearance of tongue

atrophy of tongue, thinning of papillae

Question 5

Benign migratory glossitis

Answer 5

geographic tongue

smooth red patches migrate over time

Question 6

Bisphosphonate-realted osteomecrosis of jaw

Answer 6

jaw necrosis secondary to biphosphate medicaiton used to treat osteoporosis

Question 7

Hairy leukoplakia

Answer 7

white confluent hyperkaratosis on lateral sides

cannot be scraped off

secondary to EBV in immunocompromised patients

not mono, different manifestation

may be pre-cancerous

Question 8

Squamous papilloma

Answer 8

related to HPV infection

may undergo malignant transformation

hyperplastic squamous cell

fibrovascular core

Question 9

Erythroplakia

Answer 9

precancerous red patch in oral cavity

tobacco use association

Question 10

Actinic cheilitis

Answer 10

actinic keratosis of lower lip

loss of demarcation between vermillion border of skin and lip

Question 11

Most common cancer of head and neck

Answer 11

squamous cell carcinoma

“field effect” of cancerization

smoking + drinking = bad synergy

HPV association

Question 12

First sign of head/neck squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 12

enlarged cervical lymph node

Question 13

HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma of head/neck

prognosis

Answer 13

HPV > non-HPV

HPV do better

p-16 stain to determine if HPV-related

(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor)

Question 14

Mucomycosis

Answer 14

invasive fungal infection of paranasal sinuses

immunosupressed and DM

Question 15

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Answer 15

vascular + fibrous tissue

young men, nosebleeds

Question 16

Sinonasal papillomas

Answer 16

squamous or columnar

inverted recur more often

Question 17

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 17

rare

often EBV-caused

mets to cervical lymph nodes often

Question 18

Laryngitis causes

Answer 18

anything that causes inflammation

(viral, bacterial, etc)

Question 19

Cervical node involvement in head and neck cancer

Answer 19

cystic degeneration may be present in center of node

should not just do fine needle of center, dead debris

be sure to Bx edge of node to look for metastisis

Question 20

Mucocele

Answer 20

trauma of minor salivary gland

leaks into surrounding tissue

⇒ mucocele

Question 21

Tumor that has 2 distinctive layers

Answer 21

Warthin tumor

eosinophilic with lymphoid stroma

Question 22

Mucoepidermoid carinoma

Answer 22

most common malignancy in salivary gland

Question 23

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer 23

metastisis to neural structures

50% metastisis despite resections

Question 24

Esophageal reflux

Answer 24

often due to chronic inflammation

Question 25

Zenker’s diverticulum

Answer 25

false diverticulum

only mucosa and submucosa

Question 26

Secondary achalasia due to

Answer 26

Chaga’s

Question 27

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Answer 27

longitudinal mucosal esophageal lacerations

bleed

Boerhaave-syndrome if rupturing to cause pneumomediastinum

Question 28

Reflux esophagitis

Answer 28

due to GERD, can ulcerate and Barrett’s

Question 29

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Answer 29

very common

atopic association

different manifestations: GERD, etc

may have elevated peripheral blood eosinophils

Question 30

Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 30

conversion from squamous to metaplastic columnar epithelium (as seen in stomach)

goblet cell metaplasia on endoscopic and histology

signifigance: common

⇒ ADENOCARCINOMA increased risk

Question 31

Esophageal adeocarcinoma

cause

Answer 31

Barrett’s esophagus

almost always in the context of longstanding GERD