Carbohydrates Flashcards
Salivary amylase
enzyme type
endoglycosidase
cleaves within chain, not at ends
Pancreatic amylase
most active
action
duodenum
endoglycocylase
Maltose bond type
alpha-1,4
Isomaltoase bond type
alpha-1,6
Glucoamylase/maltase
most active
action
ileum
exoglycosidase: cuts single sugars off terminus
ie non-reducing sugars
Sucrase/isomaltase
most active
action
jejunum
2 extracellular domains:
sucrase: sucrose → glucose + fructose
isomaltase: α-1,6 bonds ie branch points
Trehalase
action
cleaves trehalose
α-1,1 diglucose
insects, algae, mushrooms, other fungi
β-glycosidase complex
most active
action
jejunum
2 active domains:
glucosyl ceramide: ceramide → galactose
(similar to Tay-Sachs enzyme)
lactase: lactose → glucose + galactose
Transport of sugars into intestinal epithelium
sodium-linked sugar transport
facilitated diffusion when favorable
Transport of sugars through basal surface of intestinal epithelial cells
facilitated diffusion
AA synthesis from carbs
where?
liver
Only naturally occuring monosaccharide
fructose
in honey
Lactose intolerance
patholgy
absence of lactase in β-glycosidase complex
lactose → lactic acid
by gut bacteria
water moves into lumen to balance proton balance
diarrhea
