Oral Diseases Flashcards
Incisive papilla (in dogs and cats)
and
Molar salivary glands (in cats)
should not be confused for a _________
tumor
The clinical sign that refers to a deficiency in
prehension, mastication, and/or swallowing is known as
Dysphagia
The incubation period for canine papillomavirus
is
1 - 2 months
What is your primary ddx for
a puppy with “cauliflower-like” growths on its
lips, muzzle, and gingiva
Canine Papillomavirus
How is canine oral papillomatosis treated in a puppy?
It’s not! Goes away on its own in 1 - 5 months
after its immunity strengthens
What is the breed predisposition for
Epulides- Odontogenic Neoplasm?
OLDER dogs
Shetland Sheepdogs, Old English Sheepdog
The most common benign tumor of the mouth in dogs.
Usually located in the gum tissue near the incisors or canine teeth.
It originates in the periodontal ligament
Epulides
Fibromatous and ossifying epulis
that are non-invasive and are solitary, pedunculated, and non-ulcerated
Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
T/F:
Surgery is curative for Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
TRUE
This is an invasive odontogenic neoplasm
that can be so bad as to cause bone destruction
Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma
How is Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma treated?
A LARGE resection including the bone to be curative!
May need recurrent treatment
What type of malignant oral neoplasm is most common in dogs?
Malignant Melanoma
What type of malignant oral neoplasm is most common in CATS?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Ulcerated and erosive lesions in the mouth of a cat
is most likely to be
SCC
Firm and smooth malignancies in the mouth of a cat
is most likely to be this
Fibrosarcoma
What tests are required for the staging of oral malignant masses?
Regional LN cytology
CT of the lungs
This is a hypersensitivity reaction seen in the mouth of cats
presenting with granulomas on the lips or chin, and/or
indolent ulcers in the mouth
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Rodent Ulcer)
What are 3 potential etiologies of
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Rodent Ulcer)?
Fleas/insects
Environment
Diet
How is Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Rodent Ulcer) diagnosed?
Impression smear and biopsy
How is Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Rodent Ulcer) treated?
Food trial
Steroid (Prednisolone for cats)
Flea control
Pain management
What is the prognosis for Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Rodent Ulcer)?
GOOD but recurrence is common
This condition is caused by an abnormal immune response to plaque
resulting in severe chronic inflammation of gingiva and oral
mucosa
Gingivostomatitis
T/F:
Dogs are more likely to be afflicted with Gingivostomatitis
FALSE!
CATS are more likely to have Gingivostomatitis
A cat with Gingivostomatitis must be tested for
____ and ___ because the two conditions are associated
FIV/FeLV
How is Gingivostomatitis diagnosed?
Gingival biopsy
How is Gingivostomatitis treated?
Oral hygiene
Prednisolone
or FULL MOUTH teeth extractions!
A voice change in a meow or bark is
a specific clinical sign for ______ disease
pharyngeal
Painful swallowing is known as
odynophagia
Blood-stained ptyalism is a common clinical sign
in ______ disease
pharyngeal
In an animal with suspected pharyngeal disease,
what is the best thing you can do in a physical exam?
Watch the patient eat or drink
Infection of the tonsils are associated with
upper respiratory infectious organisms.
Give 3 examples
Feline herpesvirus
Feline calicivirus
Canine distemper
The 3 most common types of tonsilar neoplasias are
SCC
Fibrosarcoma
Melanoma
A CAT presents with difficulty swallowing and
nasal discharge. When breathing, there is a snoring sound. You open its mouth and see lumps in the back of its throat.
What is your primary ddx?
Nasopharyngeal polyps
What is the etiology of nasopharyngeal polyps in cats?
Inflammatory response, possibly to a virus, that arises from the
middle ear and penetrates into the nasopharynx or eardrum
How are nasopharyngeal polyps in cats treated
and what is the prognosis?
GENTLE TRACTION removal
or
Ventral Bullae Osteotomy
Prognosis is excellent with removal
What is the most common salivary gland disease in dogs?
Sialocele
An accumulation of saliva in submucosal or SQ tissues
due to trauma or inflammation
is known as
Sialocele
What is the most common location to see a Sialocele?
CERVICAL
A dog presents with a soft, flocculent swelling in
the mandible area. Straw colored, viscous, non-odorous fluid is
seen upon aspiration of the mass. Histo shows no bacteria in the
fluid. What is your primary ddx?
Sialocele
How is Sialocele treated
and what is the prognosis?
Surgical removal WITH BIOPSY
prognosis is excellent!
Inflammation of the salivary gland
due to trauma or systemic infection
Sialadenitis
T/F:
Secondary infection is common with Sialoadenosis
FALSE!
Secondary infection is common with Sialadenitis
Sialoadenosis is non-infectious
The most likely cause of Sialoadenosis is
________ in nature
neurogenic
A cat presents with
bilateral mandibular salivary gland enlargement
and is drooling, retching, gulping, and gagging.
Owner says it has vomited a couple times.
The glands are painful on palpation.
What is your primary ddx?
Sialoadenosis
How is Sialoadenosis treated?
Because the etiology is likely neurogenic, tx with
Phenobarbital
A dog that loves playing outside and chewing on sticks
presents with draining tracts and abscesses in the throat.
It has bloody saliva and is head shy.
What is your primary ddx and what test can you use to confirm?
Pharyngeal trauma caused by retained splinters from chewing on a stick.
Radiographs to ID and confirm foreign material
These type of pharyngeal trauma cases have
better prognostic outcomes
ACUTE cases
What are the 3 phases of swallowing in order?
Oral
Pharyngeal
Esophageal
Which cranial nerves are responsible for the
oral phase of swallowing?
5, 7, 12
Which cranial nerves are responsible for the
pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
9, 11
Which cranial nerves are responsible for the
esophageal phase of swallowing?
9, 10, SNS
In which phase of swallowing is breathing inhibited and
the upper esophageal sphincter opened?
Pharyngeal phase
Repeated attempts to swallow is a clinical sign
associated with this phase of swallowing
Pharyngeal
Expelling food after eating or sometime later
is a clinical sign associated with this phase of swallowing
esophageal
If an animal has dysphagia (difficulty swallowing),
which reflex should be tested?
Gag reflex
In order to diagnose dysphagia, what should
be tested as a minimum database?
CBC, Chem, UA, Thyroid
If dysphagia is a clinical sign, where would you recommend
taking radiographs?
Cervical neck and thorax
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia
is a rare genetic disorder in dogs.
Which breeds are predisposed?
Cocker spaniels
Springer spaniels
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia can be
acquired in adult animals with
_____ disorders
neuromuscular
The cricopharyngeal muscle is involved in swallowing.
In Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia,
this muscle is unable to _______ resulting in the inability to swallow
relax
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia prevents
propulsion of the food bolus from the
__________ to the __________
caudal pharynx to the esophagus
A cocker spaniel presents with
repeated attempts to swallow followed by gag and regurgitation.
fluoroscopy shows barium retained in the posterior pharynx.
What is your primary ddx?
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia
How is Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia
treated? What is the success rate for treatment?
SURGERY!
Either Cricopharyngeal Myotomy or
Cricopharyngeal and Thyropharyngeal Myectomy
65% success rate
What complication are you worried about in
surgical treatment of Cricopharyngeal Achalasia/Dysphagia?
Aspiration pneumonia
