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Preeti: SAM II > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ intestine absorbs almost all nutrients

A

small

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2
Q

What facilitates breakdown of food particles into molecules

in the SI?

A

Bile

Pancreatic Enzyme

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3
Q

Acute Diarrhea is considered < _______ weeks

Chronic is > _______ weeks

A

Acute: < 3 weeks

Chronic: >3 weeks

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4
Q

Absorption of water depends on ________

A

solutes

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5
Q

If solutes are not absorbed, water remains in the lumen

and ______ diarrhea occurs

A

osmotic

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6
Q

If secretion of water into the lumen exceeds reabsorption,

_______ diarrhea results, and is caused by bacterial toxins

or other agents that open channels to allow water loss

A

secretory

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7
Q

Infection of the SI can cause

water and nutrients to not be absorbed, resulting in ______ diarrhea,

and

destruction of the SI leading to exudation of serum and blood can

result in _________ diarrhea.

A

Osmotic

Secretory

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8
Q

Inflammatory cytokines from inflammatory cells

induces _______ diarrhea

A

secretory

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9
Q

Inflammation can cause loss of epithelium, which is replaced

by immature cells which are less functional.

This can cause malabsorption leading to ______ diarrhea

A

osmotic

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10
Q

Increased motility leads to decreased absorption

leading to ______ diarrhea

A

osmotic

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11
Q

Which types of metabolic endocrine disorders can

cause diarrhea?

A

Hyperthyroid

Addison’s

Diabetes

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12
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Weight loss possible

A

Small bowel

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13
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Vomiting

A

Small

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14
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Flatulence

A

small (with malabsorption)

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15
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Marked increase in defecation frequency

A

LARGE bowel

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16
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Increased fecal VOLUME

A

SMALL bowel

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17
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Tenesmus

A

Large

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18
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Mucous in feces

A

Large

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19
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Hematochezia

A

Large

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20
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Melena

A

SMALL

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21
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Steatorrhea possible

A

SMALL

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22
Q

Small Bowel vs. Large Bowel Diarrhea?

Dyschezia

A

LARGE

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23
Q

Gray, greasy poop is indicative of

A

Pancreas or biliary issue

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24
Q

Orange or yellow feces is indicative of

A

Biliary or Liver issues

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25
Q

Green feces is indicative of

A

Gall bladder issues

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26
Q

Black and tarry feces is indicative of

A

Bleeding in upper GIT

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27
Q

T/F:

Uremia can cause melena

A

TRUE

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28
Q

T/F:

Liver disease can cause melena

A

TRUE

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29
Q

T/F:

Mastocytosis can cause melena

A

TRUE

30
Q

How is acute diarrhea (<3weeks) treated?

A

Symptomatic Tx:

Diet

Psyllium

Metronidazole

31
Q

How is chronic diarrhea (> 3weeks) treated

if systemically well?

A

Determine if it is small or large bowel and go from there

32
Q

What diagnostics are used in determining cause of diarrhea?

A

Rectal exam

Big 4/QATS and Fecal

33
Q

What diagnostics are used in cases

of diarrhea (acute or chronic) where the patient is

systemically UNWELL?

A

QATS, BP

CBC, Chem, UA, Fecal

Imaging, rads

34
Q

Hypoalbuminemia is seen on CHEM

in which 3 primary GI diseases?

A

PLE

Neoplasia

Pythiosis

35
Q

Decreased TT4 and Normal FT4 indicates

this

A

Sick euthyroid syndrome

36
Q

Ova and parasites like coccidia can be seen

on this type of fecal analysis

A

simple saline float

37
Q

Inflammatory or neoplastic cells,

campylobacter,

and clostridium can be seen on this method of fecal analysis

A

Stained smear slide/ rectal scrape

38
Q

Ova, parasites, and Giardia

can be seen on this method of fecal analysis

A

Zinc centrifugation

39
Q

What is included on a GI Panel?

A

B12

Folate

TLI

PLI

40
Q

What does low B12 on a GI Panel indicate?

A

Malabsorption from

primary GI dz or EPI

41
Q

What does low Folate on a GI Panel indicate?

A

Malabsorption

42
Q

What does HIGH folate on a GI Panel indicate?

A

Dysbiosis

43
Q

What does LOW TLI on a GI Panel indicate?

A

EPI (Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency)

44
Q

What does HIGH PLI (pancreatic lipase) on a GI Panel indicate?

A

Concurrent pancreatitis

45
Q

T/F:

B12 and Folate on a GI Panel can tell you the

type of GI disease present, or rule out GI disease

A

FALSE!!

Cannot do either of these things

46
Q

Speckling seen on US indicates

A

Inflammatory dz

47
Q

Striations seen on US indicates

A

Lymphangestasia

48
Q

Starting at the top white layer in an ultrasound and alternating

to the bottom layer, what is the order of layers of the

intestinal wall?

A

Lumen

Mucosa (thickest black layer)

Submucosa

Muscularis (black)

Serosa

49
Q

What would you expect to see on US of the intestines

in a cat with lymphoma?

A

Muscularis thickening

(should not be thicker than the mucosa layer)

50
Q

For fecal occult blood testing, the patient

cannot eat ___ at least 48 hours before testing

A

meat

51
Q

Fecal Alpha Proteinase Inhibitor increases with

GI ______ loss

A

protein

52
Q

Fecal Alpha Proteinase Inhibitor testing

is useful for differentiating

________ from other causes of low albumin

A

PLE

53
Q

This is a marker of inflammation in people with

Colitis and Chron’s Disease

A

pANCAs

54
Q

What are the 2 choices for helicobacter triple tx?

A

Amoxicillin, Clariththromycin, Metronidazole

Amoxicillin, Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole

55
Q

What Rx diet is used to tx diarrhea?

A

Hill’s W/d

56
Q

_____ drugs can deplete Folic Acid/ B9

A

sulfa

57
Q

This topical activity steroid is 15X more potent than prednisolone

and has less systemic side effects

A

Budesonide

58
Q

Which immune modulatory drug used in the tx of diarrhea

reduces cell mediated immune responses (T-cell suppression)?

A

Atopica/Cyclosporine

59
Q

Which immune modulatory drug used in the tx of diarrhea

Inhibits lymphocyte activation and proliferation?

A

Azathioprine

60
Q

Which immune modulatory drug used in the tx of diarrhea

Cross links cells DNA to treat small cell lymphoma or

high grade IBD?

A

Chlorambucil

61
Q

Which immune modulatory drug used in the tx of diarrhea

should NEVER BE USED IN CATS?

A

Azathioprine

62
Q

This drug is used for large bowel diarrhea, and is cleaved into

active components in the colon. It also has antibacterial and

antiinflammatory actions

A

Sulfasalazine

63
Q

What drug used in the treatment of diarrhea

is radiopaque and causes dark stools?

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate!!

64
Q

These are living microorganisms used to impart health benefits

A

Probiotics

65
Q

These are dietary carbohydrates used to stimulate growth and

metabolism of enteric protective bacteria

A

PRE-biotics

66
Q

Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are

A

probiotics

67
Q

Bran, psyllium, lactosucrose, and fructoligosaccharides

are

A

PRE-biotics

68
Q

These two things are natural anticoagulants

A

Antithrombin

Protein C

69
Q

The breakdown product of cross-linked fibrin

A

D-Dimers

70
Q

Factor 7 and the EXtrinsic pathway are tested by this

coagulation test

A

PT

71
Q

Factors 8, 9, 11, 12, and the intrinsic pathway

are tested by this

coagulation test

A

PTT

Preeti: SAM II (6 decks)

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