Oral comms Flashcards
In this model, the information
source typically refers to the one
who sends a message with the use
oftransmitter. This transmitter
could be any instrument- from
phones to computers and other
devices. The signals sent and received vary depending on the method
of communication.
Shannon’s model
Is a transfer of meaningful inf
ormation from one person to
another by means of using:
1. Eye contact
2. Gestures
3. Smile and facial expressions
4. Tone and voice of speaker
5. Posture and body orientation
6. Body language or movement (kine
sics and haptic)
7. Paralanguage
8. Closeness or personal space
Non-verbal communication
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth of a
proposition. Some examples of this act are suggesting, putting forward, swearing,
boasting, and concluding
assertive
The box labeled noise refers to sig-
nals that may interfere with the
message being effectively carried
out.The receiver is the instrument
or the person on the other side
that receives the message. This is
the simplest model that illustrates
the workings of the communication
process.
Shannon’s model
The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the culture, values, and
beliefs of his/her receivers. Being courteous at all times creates a positive impact on the
audience.
7 C’s
courtesy
Commuication is used to give and get information. Newman and Summer, Jr. defined communication as
“an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions, or emotions by two or more people.
information
Types of speech act
*Locutionary act
*Illocutionary act
*Perlocutionary
Types of communication
*Intrapersonal communication
*Interpersonal communication
*Public communication
*Intercultural communication
This can also be defined as the tran-
smission of the message and infor-
mation between a senderand a rece-
iver. Hence, it is a two- way process of
exchanging ideas and thoughts.
Communication
involves two people. For example, a husband and a wife
discussing things over dinner.
dyadic communication
7 C’s of effective communication
*completeness
*conciseness
*consideration
*concreteness
*courtesy
*clearness
*correctness
a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the
future. Examples of this act are promising, planning, vowing, and betting
commissive
Language used between friends.
Oftern very relaxed and focused on just getting the information out.
Slangs are quite often used in these instances.
This style is used in informal situations and language.
Relationship between speaker and listener is close.
casual style
- In 1954, Wilbur Schramm emphasized that the sender and th receiver take turns playing the role of
encoder and decoder whewn it comes to communication.
Schramm’s model
the act of making a meaningful utterance. It is also called an utterance act.
It is the using of using referring and predicating expressions to call out a proposition.
For example in the utterance “You should stop smoking”, the referring expression is You and the
predicating expressing is stop smoking.
In performing a the act, we shall be-
✓ Asking or answering a question
✓ Giving some information, assurance or warning
✓ Pronouncing a sentence
✓ Announcing a verdict or intention
✓ Making an identification
✓ Giving a description
Locutionary act
is an exchange of
information between two or more people. It is also an area of
research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and
nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and
relational goals.
interpersonal communication
It is a way in which a sentence is used to express an attitude with a certain function or ”force”.
For some scholars, the term is virtually synonymous with speech act.
Steven Davis noyes that an act can be made explicit by the use of a performative
verb formula. For example, if a speaker says “I’ll be there” and it is unclear whether it is a
promise that has been made, the speaker can make it explicit by making it explicit by saying “I’ll
promise that I’ll be there”. (Anti- individualism and Speech Act Theory, 1994)
illocutionary
To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant information about his/her
receiver such as mood, background, race, preference, education, status, and needs, among
others. By doing so, he/she can easily build rapport with the audience.
7 C’s
Consideration
refers to the communication
between people from two different cultures. Intercultural
communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional,
contextual process in which people from different cultures
create shared meanings.
Intercultural communication
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform
an action. Some examples of this act are asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising,
and begging.
directive
It is the idea transmitted
by the sender to the listener
Message
It is the reaction of the
listener to the sender of the message.
Feedback
*One of the earliest model of communication introduced in 1943 wasClaude Shannon ’s mode
*The diagram below clearly illus-trates how communication takes
place and helps determine what
could go wrong.
Shannon’s model
is a communication implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas.
It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single objective in his/her speech so as
not to confuse the audience.
7 C’s
clearness
Types of interpersonal communication
A.Dyadic communication
B.Small group communication
Types of speech context
*Intrapersonal communication
*Interpersonal communication
*Public communication
Models of communication
*Aristotle model
*Shannon’s model
*Berlo’s model
*Schramm’s model
One of the earliest model of communication introduced in 1943 was
Claude Shannon ’s model.
Shannon’s model
involves three or more persons. Specialists cannot
agree on what should be the maximum number of people involved to categorized interpersonal
communication as group communication
small group communication
- This model stresses the relationship between the sender and the receiver of the message.
- According to this model, for a message to be properly encoded and decoded, the communication skills
of both the source and the receiver should be at its best. - this model has (4) four main components with each component having its own sub- components that
describe the assisting factor for each.
Berlo’s model
Speech style
*Intimate style
*Casual style
*Consultative style
*Formal style
*Frozen style
It is the medium or vehicle
through which the message is sent. It
may be verbal or visual.
Channel
means a communication made in
identical form to multiple persons or to the world at large, as
by
television, radio, motion picture, newspaper, pamphlet, mass
mailing, letterhead, business card, or directory
Public communication
Elements of communication
Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
This function is used to produce social relatioships. Humans need to develop and maintain relationship in
their everyday lives through communication.
It maintains the bond, intimacy, relationship, closeness and connection with other people.
There are different examples of social interactions like pick- up lines, invitations, greetings, appreciation,
and the like
social interaction
This function is used to express desires, wants, like and dislikes, inclinations, choices, and aspirations.
Motivation is one of the useful tool in expressing needs.
motivation
Used generally in very formal setting.
Most formal communicative style for respectful situations.
Does not require any feedback from the audience.
Usually uses long series with good grammar and vocabulary.
The use of language is fixed and relatively static.
Frozen style
The sender sends the message and
the receiver receives it. There is no
two- way process.
Aristotle model
Common Function of communication
*Regulation/control
*Social interaction
*Motivation
*Information
*Emotional expression
a type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation. Simply
put, this bring into existence or cause the state of affairs which they refer to. Some
examples of this are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a sentence, and
excommunicating.
declaration
Effective communication happens when the message is concrete and supported by facts,
figures, and real-life examples and situations. In this case, the receiver is more connected to the
message conveyed.
7 C’s
concreteness
It is a powerful and effective com
munication.
Verbal communication
this communication is essential to the quality of the communication process in
general. Hence, communication should include everything that the receiver needs to hear for
him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate properly.
7 C’s
Completeness
Used in semi-formal communications.
Happens in two-way participation.
Most operational among others styles.
Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say.
Sentences tend to be shorter and spontaneous
consultative style
Is the act or process of using words, sounds, or behaviors to express or
exchange information; or to express ideas, thoughts, feellings, etc. to someone else.
Communication
Used in speaking to medium to large groups.
May also be used in single listeners-strangers, older persons, professional.
Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered.
Avoid using slang terminologies.
Language is comparetively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is
well-documented.
Is often of a standard variety.
formal style
It is an action or state of mind brought about by or as a consequence of saying something.
The perlocutionary act is the consequent effect on the hearer which the speaker intends should
follow from his utterance.
In a perlocutionary instance, an act is performed as a result of saying something.
Example, someone shouts FIRE! and causes people to exit a building which they believe to be on
fire. They perform a perlocutionary act by convincing other people to do the same.
perlocutionary
grammar eliminates negative impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.
Correctness
this are necessary to enhance the messages, convey authenticity,and develop trust.
Humans need to express their emotions through verbal and non-verbal communication. This expressions,
through language, can be in the form of interjections or exclamations.
emotional expression
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or
emotional reactions. Some examples of this act are thanking, apologizing, welcoming,
and deploring.
expressive
Letters, numbers, languages, and
any form of written or oral are
examples of?
Verbal communication
Completely private language used within the family, close friends, or group.
Uses personal language codes.
Grammar is unnecessary.
Does not need complete language.
Certain terms of endearmnet, slangs, or expressions whose meaning is shared
with a small subset of persons.
Intimate style
This does not mean keeping the message short, but making it direct or straight to
the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the communication
that will be sent to the recipient.
7 C’s
Conciseness
This function is used to control the behavior of people or to regulate the nature and amount of
activities people engage in.
regulation/control
It is the simplest model which states that there are only three (3)
elements involved in the communication.
Aristotle model
Is the process by which an
individual communicates within themselves, acting as both
sender and receiver of messages, and encompasses the use of
unspoken words to consciously engage in self-talk and inner
speech.
Intrapersonal communication
Is the target of the communication (the listener) .
Receiver
He speaker or the communicator.
Sender
Types of illocutionary act/Searle’s Classification of Speech Acts
A.Assertive
B.Directive
C.Commissive
D.Expressive
E.Declaration
