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Anatomy Unit 2 > Oral Cavity Histology > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an epithelial membrane and what are the 3 types?

A

consists of epithelial tissue bound to underlying CT

  • cutaneous membrane
  • mucous membrane
  • serous membrane
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2
Q

What are the 7 functions of cutaneous membrane?

A

protective, regulate body temp, produce vitamin D, sensory, storage, UV, absorbs certain drugs

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3
Q

What makes up serous membrane?

A

2 layers mesothelium lining internal cavities and organs, produces serous fluids

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4
Q

Oral cavity contents

A

mouth and its structures = tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands and tonsils

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5
Q

What are tonsils?

A

lymphatic tissues that form ring around oropharynx

- palatine, pharyngeal and lingual

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6
Q

How does the oral cavity open into the oropharynx?

A

fauces - opening

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7
Q

What is the vestibule?

A
  • between lips and teeth and cheeks and teeth
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8
Q

Borders of oral cavity proper

A

sup = hard and soft palates
inf = tongue and floor of mouth
post = entrance to oropharynx
other borders = teeth

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9
Q

What is the epithelium change at the vermilion border?

A

keratinized stratified squamous of skin to nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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10
Q

What are the lips red?

A

deep penetration of CT

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11
Q

What does the VB lack?

A

oil and sweat glands but has lots of meissner’s corpuscles

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12
Q

What is the primary epithelium of the oral cavity? What does it cover?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

  • has stratum basale, spinous and superficiale
  • covers soft palate, lips, cheeks, inf surface of tongue and floor of mouth
  • part of lining mucosa
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13
Q

What is the special keratinizied stratified squamous epithelium (parakaratinized)?

A

hard palate, gingiva, dorsal of tongue

- part of masticatory mucosa

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14
Q

What is different about parakaratinized epithelium?

A

retain nuclei at sr=urface but cytoplasm doesn’t stain with eosin

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15
Q

What is the difference between lining and masticatory mucosa?

A

lining is thicker

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16
Q

Types of lingual papillae?

A

filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate

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17
Q

Muscle types of the tongue

A

extrinsic - originate outside on bone and insert onto CT of tongue
intrinsic - originate and insert on CT

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18
Q

What is the role of extrinsic mm of tongue?

A

move tongue in various directions

- end in glossus

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19
Q

What is role of intrinsic mm of tongue?

A

alter shape of tongue

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20
Q

What separates ant from post tongue?

A

sulcus terminalis
- ant = body
post = root

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21
Q

What is the small pit that is the non-functional remnant of proximal part of embryonic thyroglossal duct from which thyroid gland developed?

A

foramen cecum

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22
Q

What are filiform papillae?

A

smallest and most numerous in humans

- aid in licking and manipulating food, bent towards pharynx, no taste buds

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23
Q

What are fungiform papillae?

A

mushroom shaped, lightly keratinized, more on tip of tongue, contain taste buds

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24
Q

What are circumvallate papillae?

A

largest and least numerous, ant to sulcus terminals (8-12), contain over half all taste buds

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25
Q

What empties serous fluid into circumvallate papillae?

A

lingual salivary glands

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26
Q

What are foliate papillae?

A

parallel low ridges separated by deep mucosal clefts on lateral tongue, poorly developed in adult, nonkeratinized, have lingual salivary glands

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27
Q

What are the receptors on taste buds? Sensory receptor organ?

A

chemoreceptors and the organ are taste buds

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28
Q

What are the cells of taste buds?

A

neuroepithelial (sensory, gustatory, taste, or gustatory receptor) cells, supporting cells, basal cells

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29
Q

Where are taste buds found?

A

~10,000 found on lateral walls of circumvallate papillae, dorsal surface of fungiform and epithelium of soft palate, part of pharynx and epiglottis

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30
Q

What is the role of the receptor cells?

A

chemoreceptors, have long microvilli called a gustatory hair that sticks out through taste poor into saliva = receptive region

31
Q

What is wrapped around bottom of receptor cells?

A

dendrites of afferent/sensory neurons representing beginning of nerve pathway leading to brain

32
Q

What is the role of basal cells?

A

stem cells for other two

33
Q

What is the constricted area of the gum?

A

neck

34
Q

Enamel

A

acellular w/o collagen, 96-98% calcium HA

- contains interlocking rods (enamel rods/prisms)

35
Q

Apical foramen

A

opening at base of tooth into pulp cavity - allows entrance and exit of vessels, lymphatics and nn

36
Q

What produces the enamel rods?

A

ameloblast - ectoderm derived

- extend from dentinoenamel junction to surface of enamel

37
Q

What produced dentin?

A

odontoblasts - line internal pulp cavity and secrete prevention (contains Type I collagen)

38
Q

what are odontoblasts derived from?

A

NCC

39
Q

Components of pulp

A

layer of odontoblast, fibroblasts, thin collagen fibrils and grout substance
- well innervated

40
Q

What are the structures responsible for mainting teeth in maxillary and mandibular bone?

A

periodontium

  • cementum
  • periodontal ligaments
  • alveolar bone
  • gingiva
41
Q

What is the epithelia of gingiva?

A

keratinized stratified squamous

42
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

salivary glands

43
Q

What regulates secretion of salivary glands?

A

parasympathetic stimulate and sympathetics inhibit

44
Q

What is the secretory portion of salivary glands?

A

acinus = blind sac composed of secretory cells surrounded by capsule of DTC with septa dividing secretory portions into lobes and lobules

45
Q

What is saliva composed of?

A

99.5% water, 0.5% solutes, avg 1000ml/day secretion

46
Q

What are the protective and digestive roles of saliva?

A

moisten oral mucosa, moisten dry foods, dissolve food so they can chemically stimulations taste buds, buffer oral cavity contents (carbonate and posphate), and contain amylase to break down starch

47
Q

Major cell types of salivary glands

A

serous and mucosa

48
Q

Serous cells characteristics

A

polarized, protein secreting, pyramidal, secretory granules = zymogen granules, basophilic cytoplasm (RER and ribosomes), round nuclei

49
Q

Mucous cells characteristics

A

produce hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins, cuboidal/columnar, flattened nuclei at base of cell, secretory granules = mucinogen granules

50
Q

Myoepithelial cells characteristics

A

in basal lamina of secretory units and initial part of duct system, contract and accelerates secretion, prevent distention when lumen fills

51
Q

Which cells are important for moistening and lubricating function of saliva?

A

hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins

52
Q

Which cells are lost in routine processing for paraffin embedding - apical portion of cell looks empty

A

mucinogen granules

53
Q

What is the salivon?

A

basic unit of salivary gland = composed of acinus, intercalated duct, striated and excretory duct

54
Q

What are the types of secretory acini?

A

serous acini = serous cells only (spherical)
mucous = mucous cells only (tubular)
mixed = both serous and mucous

55
Q

Where are serous demilunes found?

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

  • fixation methods mucous acini appear to have caps of serous cells
  • rapid freezing shows this isn’t true
56
Q

What are the types of ducts associated with salivary glands?

A

intercalated ducts, striated, and interlobular of excretory ducts

57
Q

intercalated duct characteristics

A

from acini, low cuboidal epithelium, highly developed in serous glands (helps modify serous secretions to from final product), poorly developed in mucous glands

58
Q

Striated duct characteristics

A

stations = infoldings of basal plasma membrane, lined by simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, highly developed in serous glands (help modify serous secretions), absent in mucous glands
-mitochondria align parallel to infoldings

59
Q

Interlobular or Excretory duct characteristics

A

larger, empty into oral cavity, simple cuboidal to pseudo stratified columnar or stratified columnar, may be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as approach oral epithelium

60
Q

What is the largest of the 3 glands?

A

parotid, extra oral between skin and masseter m

61
Q

What type of acing is the parotid gland?

A

branched acing, completely serous in humans

62
Q

Where is Stenson’s duct?

A

ant border of parotid gland across massester through buccinator mm into oral cavity opp 2nd maxillary molar

63
Q

What is the tresilian sign?

A

reddish prominence at orifice of Stenson’s duct, noted in mumps

64
Q

Which gland is located under floor of mouth?

A

submandibular, extra oral

- medial and partly inf to body of mandible

65
Q

Where does submandibular duct empty?

A

either side of lingual frenulum

66
Q

What type of acinar is submandibular gland?

A

branched tubuloacinar, mixed gland with mostly serous cells in humans (mucous cells only show up in demilunes)

67
Q

What is the smallest gland?

A

sublingual gland in floor of mouth, intraoral

- under tongue and superior to submandibular gland

68
Q

Where are the sublingual ducts?

A

multiple that open into floor of mouth

69
Q

What type of acinar is sublingual gland?

A

tubuloacinar gland with mixed mostly mucous cells in humans (serous cells only show up as demilunes)

70
Q

What is waldeyer’s ring?

A

lymphatic tissue forming rind around oropharynx, tonsils guard opening of pharynx

71
Q

What type of epithelium covers palatine and pharyngeal tonsils?

A

stratified squamous which dips into underlying CT forming deep crypts (tonsil crypts)

72
Q

What do walls of TC contain?

A

lymphatic nodules

73
Q

What do tonsils lack?

A

afferent lymphatic vessels, but drain from tonsular lymphatic tissue through efferent lymphatic vessels

Anatomy Unit 2 (9 decks)

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