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Histology > Oral Cavity (Exam III) > Flashcards

Oral Cavity (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by superiorly?

A

hard and soft palate

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2
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by inferiorly?

A

Tongue and floor of mouth

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3
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by anterior and laterally?

A

teeth (dental arcade)

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4
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by posteriorly?

A

oropharynx

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5
Q

Area enclosed by between lips and teeth:

A

vestibule

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6
Q

Transitional zone between external haired skin and internal oral mucosa

A

vermillion border

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7
Q

The color of the vermillion border is derived from:

A

highly vascular dermis, & thin, overlying keratinized epidermis

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8
Q

Refers to the color of the lips:

A

vermillion

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9
Q

The lips are red because the overlying epidermis is very thin so this allows the ____ of underlying dermis to show through

A

blood vessels

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10
Q

What type of cells make up the thin epidermis of the vermillion border:

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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11
Q

Lips lack:

A

sweat and sebaceous glands

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12
Q

Lips are highly sensitive due to:

A

rich sensory innervation

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13
Q

The oral cavity is responsible for: (3)

A
  1. ingestion
  2. fragmentation
  3. moistening of food
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14
Q

Involves cutting, chewing, and grinding of food by occlusal surfaces of teeth:

A

mastication

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15
Q

Mastication is assisted by: (3)

A

lips, tongue, salivary glands

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16
Q

Food material chopped up by teeth and covered in saliva to make it easier to swallow

A

bollus

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17
Q

Swallowing is also referred to as:

A

deglutition

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18
Q

In addition to the digestive functions of the oral cavity, it also is involved in: (4)

A
  1. speech
  2. facial expression
  3. sensory perception
  4. respiration
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19
Q

Because the lips lack sweat and sebaceous glands, they require:

A

constant moistening

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20
Q

Critical for outcome of interactions produced by the oral cavity:

A

racial expressions

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21
Q

non-keratinized mucosa found on inner cheeks, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue, and soft palate:

A

lining mucosa

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22
Q

List the locations of lining mucosa: (4)

A
  1. inner cheeks
  2. floor of mouth
  3. inferior surface of tongue
  4. soft palate
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23
Q

The lining mucosa lacks:

A

stratum corneum

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24
Q

The lining mucosa is:

A

non-keratinized

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25
Q

Why must the lining mucosa be kept moist?

A

because it is missing a stratum corneum

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26
Q

Present in areas of high abrasion:

A

masticatory mucosa

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27
Q

List 2 examples of areas of high abrasion in which masticatory mucosa may be located:

A
  1. gingiva
  2. hard palate
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28
Q

Masticatory mucosa is ____ or ____.

A

keratinized or parakeratinized

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29
Q

When cells of the stratum corneum do not lose their nuclei they are said to be:

A

parakeratinized

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30
Q

Thicker epithelium that has living cells on the epithelial surface (cross between keratinized and non-keratinized)

A

parakeratinized

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31
Q

Restricted to the dorsal surface of the tongue; keratinized

A

specialized mucosa

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32
Q

In regard to the tongue, where is specialized mucosa located?

A

dorsal surface of tongue

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33
Q

Is specialized mucosa of the tongue keratinized or nonkeratinized?

A

keratinized

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34
Q

The tongue is a _____ organ composed of interlacing ____ fibers.

A

muscular organ; skeletal muscle fibers

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35
Q

What are scattered throughout the tongue?

A

accessory salivary glands

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36
Q

What is between the muscular layers of the tongue?

A

lamina propria

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37
Q

Because the fibers of the tongue are arranged in multiple planes, this provides:

A

high range of motion

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38
Q

The tongue functions in:

A

Manipulation of food

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39
Q

The tongue assists with:

A

speaking

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40
Q

The accessory salivary glands scattered throughout the tongue are in what layer?

A

lamina propria b/w skeletal muscle layers

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41
Q

The tongue is innervated by:

A

various cranial nerves

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42
Q

List the cranial nerves providing innervation to the tongue: (5)

A

5,7,9,10,12

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43
Q

What cranial nerve provides general sensation anterior to the sulcus terminalis?

A

cranial nerve 5

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44
Q

What cranial nerve provides taste?

A

cranial nerve 7

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45
Q

What cranial nerve provides general sensation & taste posterior to the sulcus terminalis

A

cranial nerve 9

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46
Q

What cranial nerve provides taste and perhaps motor as well?

A

cranial nerve 10

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47
Q

What cranial nerve provides motor to the oral cavity?

A

cranial nerve 12

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48
Q

The tongue is supported inferiorly by the:

A

frenulum

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49
Q

Thin band of connective tissue anchoring the tongue to the floor of the mouth:

A

frenulum

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50
Q

Embryologcially, the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is derived from:

A

ectoderm

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51
Q

Embryologically, the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is derived from:

A

pharynx (mesoderm)

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52
Q

The anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue is separated by a groove called the:

A

sulcus terminalis

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53
Q

Both the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and posterior 1/3 of the tongue are covered by:

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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54
Q

The stratified squamous epithelium of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is:

A

not keratinized

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55
Q

The stratified squamous epithelium of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is:

A

keratinized

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56
Q

What anatomical feature prevents the tongue from flipping backwards and occluding the larynx?

A

frenulum

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57
Q

The sulcus terminalis is a result of:

A

embryological origins of the tongue

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58
Q

What are the most numerous papillae of the tongue?

A

Filiform

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59
Q

keratinized, short bristles distributed in parallel rows: (papillae)

A

filiform papillae

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60
Q

The filiform papillae lack ____ and are primarily _____.

A

lack tastebuds; primarily tactile

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61
Q

Mushroom shaped papillae scattered among the filiform papillae:

A

fungiform papillae

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62
Q

Where are the tastebuds located on the fungiform papillae?

A

dorsal surface

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63
Q

Papillae located in furrows/ridges on the lateral portion of the tongue:

A

foliate papillae

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64
Q

On foliate papillae, where are the tastebuds located?

A

laterally

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65
Q

What are assoicated with the salivary glands (Von ebner’s glands) at the base of papilla?

A

Foliate papilla

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66
Q

What type of salivary glands are foliate papillae associated with?

A

Von ebner’s glands

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67
Q

Describe foliate papillae in humans:

A

rudimentary in humans; they contain tasesbuds in children and degenerate with age

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68
Q

Row of 8-12 large dome-shaped papillae

A

circumvallate papillae

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69
Q

Where are circumvillate papillae located?

A

immediately anterior to sulcus terminalis

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70
Q

Circumvillate pappilae are surrounded by ____ containing ____.

A

moat-like sulcus containing large #’s of tases buds laterally around the base

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71
Q

In addition to the folliate papillae, what is the other type of papillae associated with the salivary glands (Von Ebners) at the base of the papillae

A

Circumvillate papillae

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72
Q

Circumvillate papillae refers to a ____ sulcus that surrounds the papillae.

A

mobilized

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73
Q

In humans, taste buds are located on ____ of tongue

A

papillae of tongue

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74
Q

What papillae are not associated with taste buds?

A

filiform

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75
Q

Adults have 3,000-10,000 taste buds and past the age of 45 many of them:

A

degenerate

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76
Q

The degeneration of taste buds is responsible for:

A

changes in taste with age

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77
Q

Taste buds are also scattered over:

A

palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

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78
Q

Oval taste buds consist of up to 20-30 spindle-shaped central:

A

taste cells

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79
Q

Another name for taste cells:

A

gustatory cells

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80
Q

Taste cells contain terminal:

A

taste hairs

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81
Q

What is the shape of taste cells?

A

spindle-shaped

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82
Q

The taste hairs project from _____ and into a central ____

A

the surface of the cell; central taste pore

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83
Q

The taste hairs are covered by a ____ to protect and moisten them

A

glycoprotein coat

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84
Q

The taste hairs are surrounded by:

A

substentacular cells and basal cells

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85
Q

Describe the lifespan of taste cells

A

continuously lost and replaced around ~10 days

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86
Q

Taste cells are associated with:

A

myelinated nerve enedings

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87
Q

Taste buds are innevated by fibers from:

A

cranial nerves 7,9,10

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88
Q

What are the 4 basic tastes?

A

sweet, sour, bitter, and salty

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89
Q

Each taste cell contains receptors for _____; but individual taste buds contain ____

A

only one taste; mixture of taste cells

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90
Q

What type of taste receptors are concentrated on circumvillate papillae

A

bitter taste receptors

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91
Q

What acts as a carrier for taste?

A

saliva

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92
Q

What is the 5th taste that was recently discovered?

A

Umami

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93
Q

Umami is associated with:

A

circumvallate papillae

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94
Q

Umami can described as:

A

savory

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95
Q

Umami taste cells detect certain ____ including ___ & ____.

A

amino acids
glutamate & aspartate

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96
Q

Glutamate and aspartate are characteristic of:

A

asparagus, tomatoes, beef, cheese and MSG

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97
Q

Contain greater than normal numbers of circumvallate papillae:

A

super tasters

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98
Q

Sueprtasters are more sensitive to:

A

bitter tastes

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99
Q

Recent studies have shown evidence for a 6th taste for:

A

fat

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100
Q

There is a _____ for taste

A

basis

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101
Q

an example for a genetic basis for taste:

A

PTC (phenylthiocarbamide)

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102
Q

What determines if you can taste PTC and what are the names of the individuals who can vs can’t

A

If you have a gene for PTC and tasters and nontasters

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103
Q

Taste influences:

A

food preferences

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104
Q

A decreased ability to detect taste:

A

hypogeusia

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105
Q

Hereditary condition characterized by a total absence of taste buds:

A

Type 1 familial dysautonomia

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106
Q

In the posterior tongue, the underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 is a mass of:

A

lymphoid tissue

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107
Q

The underlying mucosa in the caudal 1/3 is a mass of lymphoid tissue known as:

A

the lingual tonsil

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108
Q

The lingual tonsil is similar to ___ & ____ in structure and function

A

palatine and pharyngeal tonsils

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109
Q

Tonsils are located in a ring around the:

A

nasopharynx

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110
Q

The tonsils are located in a ring around the nasopharynx which is collectively referred to as:

A

waldeyer’s ring

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111
Q

Waldyer’s ring functions to:

A

protect respiratory & digestive tract

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112
Q

Extension of posterior free margin of soft palate:

A

Uvula

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113
Q

The uvula is an extension of:

A

posterior free margin of soft palate

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114
Q

The uvulu has a central core of:

A

skeletal muscle

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115
Q

The uvula is covered by:

A

lining mucosa

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116
Q

The lining mucosa covering the uvula consists of large numbers of:

A

submucosal (palatine) glands

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117
Q

The supposed function of the uvula is:

A

preventing food from entrance into the nasal cavity when swallowing

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118
Q

What are distributed throughout the submucosa of the oral cavity?

A

salivary glands

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119
Q

What are the three major pairs of salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

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120
Q

What are the largest salivary glands, located on cheeks, and almost completely serous?

A

parotid glands

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121
Q

The parotid duct =

A

stenson’s duct

122
Q

The duct of the parotid gland is fairly large and it opens:

A

within the vestibule opposite of the 2nd molar

123
Q

Glands that are located below the tongue and mostly mucous:

A

sublingual glands

124
Q

Glands that are located inferior and medial to the ramus of the mandible and a mixture of mucous and serous

A

submandibular glands

125
Q

The submandibular duct =

A

wharton’s duct

126
Q

The submandibular duct (wharton’s duct) opens at:

A

sublingual caruncle

127
Q

Numerous smaller ____ are scattered throughout the oral mucosa

A

accessory glands

128
Q

List the accessory glands of the oral mucosa:

A

lingual, labial, buccal, and palatine

129
Q

What is the location of the parotid gland?

A

cheeks

130
Q

What is the location of the sublingual glands?

A

below the tongue

131
Q

What is the location of the submandibular gland?

A

located inferior and medial to the ramus of the mandible

132
Q

Product of the parotid gland:

A

almost completely serous

133
Q

Product of the sublingual gland:

A

mostly mucous

134
Q

Product of the submandibular gland:

A

mixed

135
Q

Individual ascini are either:

A

serous or mucous

136
Q

Compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands:

A

salivary glands

137
Q

The secretory unit of compound (branched) tubuloacinar glands:

A

acinus

138
Q

_____ surround acini of salivary ducts

A

myoepithelial cells

139
Q

The myoepithelial cells surround the acini and this allows for :

A

contraction

140
Q

The contraction of the acini of the salivary glands aids in:

A

secretion of saliva into the ducts

141
Q

Acini are either:

A

serous or mucous

142
Q

Serous acini of mixed glands are often in the form of:

A

demilunes

143
Q

What are often in the form of demilunes?

A

serous acini of mixed glands

144
Q

Intercalated ducts of salivary are lined by:

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

145
Q

Intercalated ducts of salivary glands secrete:

A

Bicarbonate (HC03)

146
Q

Intercalated ducts of salivary resorb:

A

chloride (Cl)

147
Q

Larger striated ducts of salivary glands are made of what type of cells:

A

simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

148
Q

The larger striated ducts of salivary glands posses basal striations due to:

A

folding of the plasma membrane

149
Q

What is the function of the striated ducts in salivary glands?

A

Resorb NA, Secrete K into saliva and also secrete Lysozyme and IgA

150
Q

The striated ducts of salivary glands empty into larger:

A

excretory ducts

151
Q

The larger excretory ducts of salivary glands are made of what type of epithelium?

A

stratified cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

152
Q

Sympathetic stimulation ____ aqueous secretion

A

inhibits

153
Q

Sympathetic stimulation inhibits aqueous secretion making saliva:

A

thick, viscous and rich in protein

154
Q

Parasympathetics stimulations results in:

A

copious watery saliva

155
Q

Saliva contains what 3 main components?

A

water, glycoproteins, and proteins

156
Q

An example of the glycoproteins in saliva is:

A

mucus

157
Q

What are the 2 enzymes in saliva?

A

amylase and lysozyme

158
Q

What is the function of the enzyme amylase in saliva?

A

converts starch to sugar

159
Q

What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?

A

antibacterial

160
Q

What antibody is found in saliva?

A

IgA

161
Q

What inorganic ions can be found in saliva?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, and chlorine

162
Q

Saliva is high in ____, low in ____ and high in _____

A

K; NA; HCO3-

163
Q

Why is potassium high in bicarb?

A

to provide an optimal pH

164
Q

What is the average saliva production in humans per day?

A

600-1500ml

165
Q

The functions of saliva include:

  1. moistens _____
  2. provides carrier medium for ____
  3. buffering via ____
  4. digestions of carbohydrates via ___
  5. immunologic function via ____
  6. control of ____
A
  1. oral mucosa and dried food
  2. sense and taste
  3. high bicarbonate content
  4. amylase
  5. secretion of salivary IgA
  6. bacterial flora
166
Q

Saliva- Control of bacterial flora- proteins in saliva cover teeth with:

A

acquired pellicle

167
Q

Saliva- Control of bacterial flora- contains antibodies that:

A

prevent tooth decay

168
Q

What exacerbates tooth decay?

A

decreased production of saliva

169
Q

Teeth are grossly divided into:

A

root and crown

170
Q

The portion of the tooth embedded in bone:

A

tooth root

171
Q

The tooth root is in part of the jaw called the:

A

alveolar ridge

172
Q

The tooth socket is called the:

A

alveolus

173
Q

Portion of tooth that projects into the oral cavity:

A

crown

174
Q

The crown is protected by a highly mineralized layer that covers it called the:

A

enamel

175
Q

Enamel is a hard, translucent substance containing:

A

less than 1% organic material and 96-98% hydroxyappetite

176
Q

Enamel is _____ in origin

A

ectodermal

177
Q

Enamel is secreted by:

A

tall columnar ameloblasts

178
Q

The ameloblasts that secrete enamel are part of:

A

enamel organ

179
Q

The apical, secretory end of the ameloblast forms a single large process called:

A

Tome’s process

180
Q

Enamel mineralization is:

A

non-uniform

181
Q

Enamel mineralization is non-uniform resulting in highly calcified:

A

enamel rods or prisms

182
Q

Describe the shape of enamel rods or prisms

A

roughly hexagonal

183
Q

The highly calcified enamel rods or prisms are separated by:

A

less mineralized interprismatic material

184
Q

Enamel rods extend from _____ at the enamel surface to ____.

A

ameloblasts; dentino-enamel junction

185
Q

The bulk of the tooth is composed of less mineralized:

A

dentine

186
Q

Dentine is _____ in origin:

A

mesodermal

187
Q

Dentine is secreted by _____ of ______ as non-mineralized _____.

A

odontoblasts of dental papilla; pre-dentine

188
Q

The first secreted pre-dentine is:

A

non-mineralized

189
Q

Denitne is chemically similar to bone but:

A

more mineralized

190
Q

Dentine contains ~70% :

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

191
Q

What two components are found in dentine?

A

type 1 collagen and GAGs

192
Q

Dentine is arranged in:

A

dentine tubules

193
Q

Describe dentine tubules and where they come from:

A

hollow, parallel tubes radiating from pulp cavity

194
Q

The pulp cavity contains long, rod-like cytoplasmic processes of _____ also known as ____.

A

odontoblasts; Tome’s fibers

195
Q

The odontoblasts processes:

A

Tomes Fibers

196
Q

The tooth root has a central ____ that contains support structures

A

pulp cavity

197
Q

What are some structures that may be found in the pulp cavity?

A

sensory nerves and blood vessels

198
Q

The dentine of the tooth root is innervated by:

A

myelinated nerves

199
Q

Dental pulp is _____ in origin

A

mesodermal

200
Q

Dental pulp is mesodermal in origina nd resembles:

A

primitive mesenchyme

201
Q

What are the components found in the dental pulp? (4)

A
  1. stellate fibroblasts
  2. reticular fibers
  3. collagen
  4. ground substance
202
Q

The dental pulp is richly supplied by _____ from ____ running with _____.

A

capillaries ; arterioles ; periodontal ligament

203
Q

Pulp is essentially an:

A

embryonic tissue

204
Q

The tooth root is covered by a thin layer of:

A

cementum

205
Q

cementum is _____ in origin

A

mesodermal

206
Q

Describe cementum:

A

amorphous, collagen-based, calcified tissue

207
Q

Cementum is is 40-50% hydroxyappetite and similar to:

A

bone

208
Q

Cementum is manufactured by:

A

cementoblasts

209
Q

Cementoblasts mature into:

A

cementocytes

210
Q

Cemotoblasts and cementocytes are similar to _____ structurally and functionally

A

osteoblasts and osteocytes

211
Q

the cementum layer is anchored to bone of alveolus with fibers of the:

A

periodontal ligament or membrane

212
Q

The periodontal ligament is composed of dense collagenous fibers called:

A

sharpey’s fibers

213
Q

The periodontal ligament is very:

A

vascular

214
Q

sharpey’s fibers run at ____ & support tooth in _____.

A

oblique angle; socket

215
Q

What allows for slight movement of the tooth during mastication?

A

periodontal ligament

216
Q

Within the periodontal ligament occasional clusters of ____ may be seen

A

epithelial cells

217
Q

The occasional clusters of epithelial cells within the periodontal ligament:

A

vestigial epithelial rests of malassez

218
Q

The region of the tooth between the root and crown:

A

neck of tooth

219
Q

The neck of the tooth is protected by masticatory oral mucosa called:

A

gingiva

220
Q

the gingiva covers the upper portion of:

A

alveolar ridge

221
Q

times the the gingiva is divided into:

A

attached gingiva and free gingiva

222
Q

Gingiva that covers the upper alveolar bone:

A

attached gingiva

223
Q

Gingiva that forms a cuff around the neck of the tooth:

A

free gingiva

224
Q

The space between the free gingiva and crown is called:

A

gingival sulcus or crevice

225
Q

The gingival sulcus is lined by:

A

crevicular epithelium

226
Q

Describe the crevicular epithelium:

A

very thin, only 2-3 cells thick

227
Q

The crevicular epithelium is:

A

easily breached by bacteria

228
Q

If the crevicular epithelium is breached by bacteria this results in:

A

periodontal disease and gingivitis

229
Q

Tissues that surround and support the tooth are collectively referred to as:

A

periodontium

230
Q

The periodontium includes: (4)

A
  1. epithelium
  2. cementum
  3. periodontal ligament
  4. alveolar bone
231
Q

the process in which the tooth is formed between opposing layers of epithelial cells:

A

odontogenesis

232
Q

Odontogenesis occurs to form the tooth between:

A

opposing layers of epithelial cells

233
Q

What are the opposing cells in odontogenesis:

A

ameloblasts of enamel organ and odontoblasts of dental papilla

234
Q

Enamel is ____ in origin

A

ectodermal

235
Q

Dentine, cementum, pulp and the periodontal ligament are _____ in origin

A

mesodermal

236
Q

Around the 6th week of fetal development, a horseshoe-shaped _____ arises from ____

A

epithelial ridge; oral epithelium

237
Q

The horse-shaped epithelial ridge that arises from the oral epithelium forms the ____ in the position of _____.

A

dental lamina; future jaws

238
Q

In odontogenesis, in each quadrant, the lamina forms:

A

several globular ectodermal swellings

239
Q

Each globular ectodermal swelling is made for:

A

each deciduous tooth

240
Q

The superficial half of the globular ectodermal swelling forms the ____, while the deep half forms the ____.

A

enamel organs; dental papilla

241
Q

In odontogenesis, the enamel organ is initially ____ shaped and this is considered the ____ stage

A

cup-shaped; cap stage

242
Q

In odontogenesis, cells of the enamel organ progressive differentiate and become:

A

stellate reticulum

243
Q

The cells of the enamel organ progressively differentiate and become the stellate reticulum, with:

A

extracellular matrix of GAGs

244
Q

The stellate reticulum is later formed into ______ in the _____ stage

A

bell-shaped structure; bell stage

245
Q

In odontogenesis during the bell stage, the cells lining the outer surface of the enamel organ becomes:

A

external enamel epithelium

246
Q

In odontogenesis, during the bell stage, the cells lining the concave surface of the enamel organ form:

A

internal enamel epithelium

247
Q

In odontogenesis the cells comprising the internal enamel epithelium differentiate into:

A

tall columnar ameloblasts

248
Q

The process of enamel formation:

A

amelogenesis

249
Q

In odontogenesis, deep to the developing enamel organs is:

A

primitive mesenchyme

250
Q

In odontogenesis, the primitive mesenchyme deep to the enamel organs develops into:

A

dental papilla

251
Q

In odontogenesis, the cells lining the CONVEX surface of the dental papilla develop into:

A

odontoblasts

252
Q

The odontoblasts are made from cells lining the ____ surface of the ____.

A

convex surface of the dental papilla

253
Q

The process of dentine formation:

A

dentinogenesis

254
Q

What two cell layers are in apposition in odontogenesis?

A

ameloblasts and odontoblast layers

255
Q

In odontogenesis where does the tooth form?

A

Between the two laters of apposition

256
Q

Development of _____ induces differentiation of ____ in odontogenesis

A

ameloblasts ; odontoblasts

257
Q

Development of ameloblasts induces differentiation of odontoblasts in odontogenesis but the calcification of _____ induces deposition of _____

A

dentine; enamel

258
Q

Tooth formation is initiated by deposition of organic ______ by odontoblasts on the surface of dental papilla

A

pre-dentine

259
Q

The predentine from odontoblasts on the surface of dental papilla is later calcified into:

A

dentine

260
Q

The calcification of the dentine matrix secondarily induces:

A

enamel production by ameloblasts

261
Q

Odontoblasts have ______, embedded in dentine matrix

A

odontobast processes

262
Q

The odontoblasts have odontoblast processes embedded in the dentine matrix to from:

A

dentine tubules

263
Q

Enamel forms in mineralized columns of:

A

enamel rods

264
Q

The enamel rods are separated by less mineralized ____.

A

interprismatic material

265
Q

Subsequent to deposition of dentine and enamel, the dental lamina:

A

fragments and atrophies

266
Q

At the time of tooth eruption the enamel organ and ameloblasts:

A

degenerate

267
Q

The overlying mucosa separates as the:

A

tooth erupts, exposing the crown

268
Q

During tooth eruption, the dental papilla ____, becomes the ____ and is surrounded by _____.

A

shrinks; dental pulp, dentine

269
Q

After tooth formation is complete, small amounts of ______ continue to be produced

A

secondary dentine

270
Q

The secondary dentine may eventually:

A

obliterate the pulp cavity

271
Q

The overall shape of the _____ determines the 3D shape of the tooth crown

A

enamel organ

272
Q

The outer rim of the enamel organ is known as:

A

epithelial sheath of Hertwig

273
Q

Epithelial sheath of hertwig can also be called:

A

Hertwig’s root sheath

274
Q

The epithelial sheath of hertwig determines the:

A

cross-sectional outline of the tooth

275
Q

Surrounding the mesenchyme of the dental follicle is the:

A

periodontal ligament

276
Q

The permanent teeth develop as buds of the:

A

dental lamina and deciduous enamel organ

277
Q

In the case of molars, the dental lamina ______ to form enamel organs of secondary dentition

A

Proliferates caudally

278
Q

In humans when does too development begin?

A

~6th week of fetal development

279
Q

When does tooth eruption occur?

A

6-30 months after birth

280
Q

How many deciduous teeth do humans get?

A

20

281
Q

for deciduous dentition, per quadrant humans get:

A

2I, 1C, 2M

282
Q

Incisors and canines typically have ____ roots, , premolars typically have ____ roots, and molars usually have ____ roots.

A

1; 2; 2-4

283
Q

What drug administered during development of permanent dentition gets incorporated into the enamel to yield a yellow discoloration of the teeth?

A

tetracycline

284
Q

Typically, what years do you receive your molars

A

6,12,18

285
Q

Human dental formula (permanent dentition)

A

I 2/2 C1/1 P2/2 M3/3

286
Q

dentition in which all teeth are similar:

A

homodont

287
Q

Incisors are modified for:

A

cutting and biting

288
Q

canines are modified for:

A

puncturing and holding

289
Q

Premolar and molars are generally used for:

A

grinding

290
Q

The TMJ allows for what motions that are important for chewing and grinding?

A

lateral and anterior/posterior

291
Q

Raised points on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars and known as cusps and include:

A

protocone, metacone and paracone

292
Q

The flattened posterior surface of lower molars is known as:

A

talonid

293
Q

Premolars and molars can be low crowned or _____ in ____

A

bunodont in omnivores

294
Q

Premolars and molars can be tall, high crowned ____ as in ___

A

hypsodont in herbivores

295
Q

Premolars are modified and may be _____ in carnivores for shearing purposes

A

carnassials

296
Q

orthodontia is accomplished by:

A

osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity in alveolus

297
Q

Results when weak acids in food and drink erode calcified enamel, and is augmented by bacterial action

A

dental caries

298
Q

Helps harden enamel and kills bacteria

A

fluoride

299
Q

Caused by accumulation of calcified food and bacterial debris (plaque) in the gingival sulcus leading to widening of gingival sulcus and possible inflammation and destruction of the periodontal ligament:

A

periodontal disease

300
Q

Periodontal disease is caused by issues in what area:

A

gingival sulcus

301
Q

Inflammation of the gums =

Inflammation of the periodontal ligament=

A

gingivitis

periodontitis

Histology (10 decks)

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