Oral Cavity, Esophagus and Stomach A&P, Pathophysiology Flashcards
what occurs at the area of weakness in the musculature of the esophagus
esophageal diverticula
what is the most common Esophageal diverticula
Zenker
where is Zeker located
weakness/out pouching of mucosa through Killian’s triangle
weak area of the surrounding musculature
inferior to inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle posterior to cricoid cartilage
what is halotosis
bad breath
what is the vasculature for the upper 1/3 of the esophagus
inferior thyroid vein
what does the Azygos vein innervate
thoracic esophagus
drains into SVC
what are esophageal varices associated with
increased portal pressure of the venous system
what can cause increased pressure in venous system
persinusoidal
sinusoidal**
postsinusoidal
what does the bile ductule, branch of portal vein and brach of hepatic arty make up
Triad
what increases the risk of bleeding with esophageal varices
size
location
pressure for the patient
continued drinking
excess strain on the veins
where does an upper GI bleed come from
blood from above the ligament of Treitz
where does an lower GI bleed come from
below ligament of Treitz
what is an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
what is inflammation and irritation/breakdown of the esophageal lining
esophagitis
what are risk factors for GERD
ETOH
Caffeine
smoking
hernia
increased gastric pressure
NSAIDs
what is the presentation of GERD
heartburn
chronic cough
asthma attack
laryngitis
pain after eating
pain when laying down
difficulty swallowing
what is a flagillated gram negative spirochete
H. pylori
how is h. pylori transmitted
fecal-oral transmission, typically as a kid
what gene can h. pylori suppress
tp53: tumor suppressing gene
what are complications with GERD
strictures
barretts esophagus
adenocarcinoma
aspiration
ulceration-> bleeding
cough
asthma
sinusitis
what is an esophageal stricture
inflammation disorder leading to scar tissue formation, formation during healing process of other primary disease processes
where are esophageal strictures most common at
GE junction
What is a Schatzki ring
ring of dense membranous tissue
causes sudden reduction in diameter of the lumen of esophagus
what is a pre-malignant cellular change in the esophagus
barrett’s esophagus
