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CABS 3: GI > 1000ft view gastroenterology > Flashcards

1000ft view gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

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2
Q

What makes up the mucosa

A

epithelium and glands that secrete GLP-1, CCK

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3
Q

what is GLP-1

A

glucagon-like peptide

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4
Q

what is CCK

A

choecystokinin

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5
Q

what contains the blood and lymphoid tissue

A

Lamina propria

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6
Q

What is the MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

What is Peyer’s patches

A

lymph nodes (larger)

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8
Q

what is within the submucosa

A

connective tissue
Meissner plexus which has the autonimic neurons
peyers patches

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9
Q

what type of musculature is within the muscularis layer of the GI tract

A

Skeletal (vouluntary) within mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus and external anal sphincter
smooth muscle within inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

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10
Q

what is the innervation of the muscularis

A

myenteric plexus of autonimic innervation

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11
Q

what is the serosa

A

connective tissue that line the suface of the organ

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12
Q

what is the bowel encased in

A

folded peritoneuma

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13
Q

what is the liver covered by

A

visceral peritoneum with bare area posteriorly

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14
Q

what is the goal of the GI tract

A

mechanical break down of nutrients
further chemical breakdown
absorption
excretion of unneeded elements

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15
Q

what are proteins broken down into

A

amino acids
dipeptides
tripeptides

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16
Q

what are lipids broken down into

A

fatty acids
monogylcerides
cholesterol

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17
Q

what are carbohydrates broken down into

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

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18
Q

what are the phases of swallowing

A

oral phase (voluntary)
pharygeal phase (voluntary)
esophageal phase (involuntary)

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19
Q

what does salivary amylase begin the chemical break down of

A

complex carbs

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20
Q

what does lingual lipase begin the break down of

A

fats

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21
Q

how much saliva is secreted per day

A

1L

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22
Q

what does saliva contain

A

water
Na+, mucus, bicarbonate, chloride, K+, salivary amylase

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23
Q

what is the pH of saliva

A

7.4

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24
Q

what muscle prevents movement of food into the nasal cavity

A

superior constrictor muscles of the pharynx

25
Q

where is the sensory signal for the swallowing center

A

medulla

26
Q

what occurs when the UES closes what occurs

A

LES opens

27
Q

what initiates peristalsis between longitudinal musculature on outer aspect and inner circular ring musculature

A

stretch receptors

28
Q

what are the layers of the muscularis

A

oblique muscle layer
circular muscle layer
longitudinal muscle layer

29
Q

What is the purpose of the stomach

A

short-term storage reservoir
secretion of intrinsic factor
chemical and enzymatic digestion initiated

30
Q

what is food liquidized into

A

chyme

31
Q

what is absorbed in the stomach

A

alcohol and NSAIDs

32
Q

what causes rhythmic depolarization going toward the pylorus to mix the food in the stomach

A

pacemaker cells

33
Q

what is the cephalic phase

A

stimulation que of food

34
Q

What is the gastric phase

A

60% of acid secretion when the food hits the stomach - increases pH

35
Q

what is the intestinal phase

A

10% of acid secretion
initial movement of food into small intestines

36
Q

what are the primary area of gastric juice secretion

A

gastric pits

37
Q

what is the pH of pepsin

A

pH of 2

38
Q

what are the cell types within the stomach

A

Goblet cells- mucus
parietal cells - gastric acid
chief cells - pepsinogen
D Cells - somatostatin
G cells - gastrin

39
Q

what secretess hydrochloric acid

A

parietal cells

40
Q

what does hydrochloric acid break down

A

proteins into amino acids
-acidic environment is inhospitable to bacteria

41
Q

how much food/fluids can the stomach hold

A

about 1.5L

42
Q

where is bile produced

A

in the liver

43
Q

what is bile and pancreatic enzymes released through

A

spincter of Oddi

44
Q

what stimulates the release of bile/pancreatic enzymes

A

secretin which is released by duodenum

45
Q

what does bile assist with

A

emulsifies fats into droplets which increases its surface area for further breakdown

46
Q

what is the exocrine pancreas made up of

A

acini cells - and secrete into ductal system

47
Q

what does secretin promote

A

ductal cells to release aqueous secretion

48
Q

what does amylase break down

A

starches and glycogen

49
Q

what does lipase break down

A

fats

50
Q

what makes up the small intestin

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

51
Q

what is the purpose of the small intestine

A

primary site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
vast absorptive surface

52
Q

what is the Ligament of Treitz

A

separates jejunum from duodenum

53
Q

what is the purpose of the circular inner musculature

A

segmentations

54
Q

what is the purpose of the longitudinal outer layer of musculature

A

peristalsis

55
Q

where does absorption occur

A

within the villi
covered in microvilli
together = brush border

56
Q

what is absorbed in the jejunum and ileum

A

magnesium and phosphate

57
Q

what is the ileocecal valve

A

sphincter between the ends of ileum and cecum of large intestines

58
Q

how long is the large intestine

A

1.5 meters long

59
Q

what is within the large intestine

A

cecum (with appendix)
ascending colon
hepatic flexure
transverse colon
splenic flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

CABS 3: GI (7 decks)

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